The following is revised and updated text for “Why Come Here” located on the right side top banner of the main pageand repeated below for the benefit of new readers
Welcome to my blog, where we dive deep into the fascinating field of horology, the world of antique and vintage mechanical clocks. If you’re passionate about uncovering the intricate workings of these timeless treasures while reveling in their rich historical significance, then you’ve come to the right place.
My blog is an important hub for anyone seeking to learn more about these wonderful mechanical devices. With a treasure trove of information and insights on everything related to antique and vintage clocks, I guarantee that you’ll be hooked from the very first post.
Whether you have recently inherited your grandmother’s mantel clock or have acquired a captivating vintage or antique clock and want to learn more about it, you might find the articles on this blog to be of interest.
Clock movement with plate removed
Over the past decade, I have taught myself the art of horology and gained extensive knowledge and experience working on a diverse range of old clocks. In addition, I have a keen interest in cabinet and case restoration. While I do not operate a clockmaking business and am not involved in the commerce of clocks, I occasionally sell clocks locally to manage my personal collection.
What is horology?
Horology is a field of study that approaches the concept of time scientifically, much like geology studies the earth or biology studies life. It involves the design and construction of clocks, watches, and other time-measuring devices, making it a highly practical discipline. Those who specialize in horology are known as horologists. Through the study of horology, we gain a deeper understanding of the intricacies and history of timekeeping, as well as the skills and techniques required to create and maintain these fascinating devices.
1840s Scottish clock capturing the morning light
My mission
As a blog author, I publish an average of 7-9 articles per month, with new content released every 4 days. My articles cover a wide range of topics related to clocks, including specific repairs, my experiences shopping for clocks, my perspectives on the history of antique clocks, and interesting finds on the internet. I also profile my growing collection of clocks.
Since I live in Canada, there is a focus on clocks made or sold in North America. However, if you browse my collection, you’ll see that I have included clocks from other parts of the world as well.
A message to professionals
If you are a professional horologist who regularly uses a lathe to cut gear teeth, re-pivot arbors, bush mainspring barrels on a weekly basis, fashion new wheels from raw stock, or make advanced repairs on complicated movements and cases, then this blog may not be the most suitable for your needs. However, you are welcome to browse my articles and share any comments or suggestions you may have.
Project area
Elements of a clock dial
And finally
If you have a specific question about a clock, please feel free to write to me, as I may have the answer you are seeking. Whether you are a novice clock collector or have a deeper understanding of horology, I welcome all emails and will do my best to provide a helpful response.
In cases where your question may require additional expertise, I will consult with my clock circle to ensure that you receive the best possible answer. So don’t hesitate to reach out to me with any inquiries you may have.
Please note that there may be times throughout the year when I am traveling, which results in a slight delay in my response to your inquiries. However, I will do my best to get back to you as soon as possible and appreciate your patience during any such periods of travel.
Repurposing old antique clock parts can offer numerous benefits. For clock repair persons, these parts can serve as a convenient source for replacement components.
All clock repair persons consider this to be a best practice because it is sustainable, reduces waste, and conserves valuable resources.
Repurposing also provides an affordable means of obtaining rare and elusive parts for clock repair or restoration projects.
A case in point
Some years ago, I stumbled upon a seller who had four clocks for sale for just $20. It was a barn find in the true sense of the word.
I talked to the seller by phone and purchased them without knowing their condition. Upon inspection, I found that three of them had cases in poor condition but intact mechanical movements, making them well worth the purchase alone.
Although none of the clocks were particularly valuable, they were found in the same barn, all dusty and rusty, cast aside many years ago. In the eyes of the seller, the clocks were one step closer to the trash bin.
I considered resurrecting an Ansonia wall clock, which would have been a project for another day but there was a spring-driven time and strike steeple clock that was essentially intact so I decided to service it instead. The steeple clock movement was serviced and the case was refreshed. The results were quite satisfying.
It was a lucky find because the two mainsprings happened to be crafted from brass, which was utilized as a power source for clocks from roughly 1836 to 1840. Though rare the clock is not particularly valuable.
Elisha Manross steeple clock
While the Waterbury mantel clock was beyond repair and had to be discarded, there were still many parts from the Welch ogee clock that had the potential for future use. I removed the movement, pulleys, glass, hinges, iron nails, and door catch. The rosewood veneer was stripped from the case and set aside for a future project.
$20 for what some would consider trash
The salvaged veneer was used to create a new finial base for the Elisha Manross steeple clock pictured above and to cover the finial bases on the top crown of an 1850s Scottish tall case clock. In time the salvaged veneer was used for a number of other projects.
Scottish tall-case clock
Some clock parts are not difficult to source
There is actually a considerable assortment of new components available for antique and vintage clocks, which can be procured through numerous suppliers.
Examples are clock hands, pendulum bobs and leaders, feet, hinges, finials, bezels, hand nuts, case parts, and so on but by keeping old clock parts, clockmakers have access to replacement components that are no longer produced or readily available.
Trash or treasure?
As time passed, I revisited the Ansonia wall clock. The Ansonia Drop Extra wall clock shown above was in a disassembled state and the heavily corroded movement might have been deemed irreparable by some.
Ansonia time-only movement as found
I could have salvaged the veneer and wooden components and saved the movement for potential future use, but I chose to rise to the challenge and reassemble the clock instead.
The crucial brass dial bezel was absent from the clock, and while I initially believed I could find a replacement at a later time (I never could), I opted to reinsert the movement into the refurbished case.
Though clearly missing a few cosmetic parts the clock has proven to be a reliable runner to this day.
Ansonia Drop Extra wall clock
There is value in saving old parts
Retaining old clocks for spare parts not only helps to maintain the legacy of clockmaking but also serves as a dependable resource for those elusive components that can be challenging to come by.
Beyond everything else, the parts tell a story about the manufacturing process, the materials used, and the craftsmanship involved in creating a clock. By saving and reusing these parts, clockmakers help to ensure that the knowledge and skills of traditional clockmaking are not lost.
Saving old clock parts is not only practical but also beneficial for preserving history, maintaining authenticity, and ensuring the longevity of antique timepieces.
Junghans, a renowned manufacturer of high-end wristwatches today, acknowledges their significant role in the clock industry by providing access to their catalogs to anyone interested in researching their clock production since the company’s establishment in the 1880s.
This demonstrates the company’s commitment to preserving the history and legacy of their brand and allowing collectors and enthusiasts to gain valuable insights into the evolution of their clock-making techniques and designs over time.
Auction photo
The 1915 Junghans catalog identifies this clock as the Hunsruck, named after a mountain range in Germany, and provides its specifications as 28.5 cm in height with a mahogany or oak case construction, a 14-day run time, and a silvered dial.
While I haven’t yet had the opportunity to service the clock’s movement, I have focused my attention on refreshing the clock’s case, which is the main topic of this post.
This particular clock was originally offered in both oak and mahogany versions, and the one in my possession is the mahogany variant.
A comment on the finish
Despite my expectations that the finish would be consistent throughout the entire case, I have noticed a noticeable tonal variation between the base and the top, sides, and front of the clock. This observation leads me to suspect that the base may be crafted from a different type of wood than the rest of the clock.
We will have to wait and see if any measures taken will have an impact on the tonal difference between the base and the rest of the clock.
All brass is polished and after one coat of stain is applied
Work begins on the case
I began by giving the case a thorough cleaning using Murphy’s soap. Following the cleaning, I applied a light coat of Mahogany stain from a company called Minwax, being cautious not to leave it on for more than the recommended 10-minute period to ensure the stain penetrated the wood correctly. After 10 minutes, I wiped off any remaining residue and gave it an additional wipe at the four-hour drying point.
After the initial staining, I observed that the base of the clock still had a tonal difference compared to the rest of the case.
Through previous experience, I’ve learned not to overdo the staining process, and often, one coat is more than sufficient. Despite this, I opted to apply a second coat of stain to the base only, intending to stop there, even if the tonal difference was still present. As a result there remained a subtle variation in the finish, perhaps only discernible to me. Nevertheless, I was very satisfied with the performance of the stain as it effectively concealed the scratches and nicks on the case.
For the final stage of the case restoration, my original plan was to use a product called Wipe-On Poly by Minwax but using a modern finish for restoring antique clock cases is not a conventional practice.
After careful consideration, I opted for a less intrusive approach by utilizing a finishing paste wax specifically designed for dark finishes, also made by Minwax (and no, I don’t have shares in the company). Clock cases were typically dusted, waxed, and polished during their time as part of routine housekeeping.
After one coat of finishing paste wax
As always, my goal is not to restore the clock case to its original factory finish but rather to conceal any imperfections caused by wear and tear on the wood surfaces in order to enhance its overall appearance. The light refinishing effectively achieved the desired outcome.
The brass
To clean the dial, side door button, and ball feet, I used a cleaning and polishing product called Brasso. I was pleasantly surprised by the results since I had anticipated that removing years of accumulated dirt and grime would be a significant challenge. However, the Brasso worked remarkably well in restoring the brass clock case features to their former shine. I removed the ball feet by unscrewing them so that I could polish every part of them thoroughly.
The dial
Despite efforts to remove the blemish between the numbers four and five with Murphy’s Soap, which was clearly visible in the auction photo above, it was found to be impossible to eliminate completely. However, it is now slightly less noticeable. I initially assumed that it was dirt, but upon closer inspection, it turned out to be some sort of abrasion.
In sum
Restoring an antique clock case can be a delicate and challenging process that requires patience and attention to detail. By using a combination of cleaning and staining products, as well as conventional finishes it’s possible to bring new life to a piece that may have been neglected or damaged over time.
While it may not always be possible to eliminate every imperfection entirely, taking the time to restore a clock case to a semblance of its former glory can be a rewarding experience for both the restorer and the future owner of the piece. Ultimately, the care and effort put into restoring an antique clock case can help preserve its history and ensure that it remains to be enjoyed for generations to come.
Tick-Talk Tuesday is dedicated to addressing readers’ letters and comments related to clock issues, challenges, and recommendations for specific clocks. In cases where the comments and questions are particularly challenging, I seek advice from my fellow clock enthusiasts to provide the most accurate and helpful response.
DH writes
I am the executor of an estate and am dealing with a Grandfather clock that will be sold outside the normal auction process to one of the children. I have attached a picture of the clock and a description of the movement inside the clock. The clock was built by Hanson Heffler of Cherry Run, WV. He only built a couple of clocks and those were for family, so he is not a known clock builder. How can I get a valuation done for Estate purposes? What other information do I need to obtain? What fees will need to be paid to get the valuation? Any assistance you may provide is appreciated.
Custom clock with Mason and Sullivan movement
My reply
You are certainly entitled to consult an expert to determine the value of the clock, however, let me offer a few words of advice.
I am not a clock valuation expert and cannot physically inspect its construction, repair status, and overall condition and any estimate I offer from information provided to me by email regarding the clock’s value would be approximate.
The clock appears to be from the 1970s to the 1980s. While the case is custom-made, as you say, the movement is sourced from Germany which was very common during that period. The clock movement may say Mason and Sullivan but the maker is Hermle of Germany. Mason and Sullivan simply put their stamp on it suggesting to the buyer that it is American-made. Whether a clock was custom-made or factory produced as in grandfather clocks from Howard Miller or Ridgeway during that period, for example, the practice was to install German-made movements which is not a bad thing since German-made movements are robust and reliable.
Movement is stamped Mason and Sulivan
That said, many of these clocks are difficult to sell because nobody wants them for a number of reasons. One, they generally cost more to repair than they are worth. If the clock has not been serviced in quite some time, at the very least the movement would require inspection and oiling by a professional clock repair person. In addition, ongoing repairs and maintenance can add up over time. Two, they take up space. Homes are typically smaller today and space is often at a premium and the size of the clock often puts off buyers. Three, transporting and setting up these clocks can pose a challenge if the buyer lacks the familiarity with setup. Four, the clock has a period look and may not fit with the style of a modern home or may clash with other furnishings.
If the clock does not have a distinct history (provenance) or the maker is not highly regarded, its value will be significantly lower than the original purchase price.
Typically a clock of this style and vintage would fetch something in the neighbourhood of $500 to $600.
While it is recommended to seek the advice of an expert to obtain an accurate valuation of the clock, their estimate may not deviate significantly from the one I have given.
Junghans, a name that is well-known to clock collectors and repairers, is not the company it once was. In recent years, the company has established itself as a prominent manufacturer of high-quality wristwatches.
However, During the early to mid-20th century the German company had established itself as a prolific producer of wall, mantel, and tall case clocks. Collectors and enthusiasts highly value the company’s clocks for their superior quality, solid construction, and classic designs that have withstood the test of time.
Although I wasn’t actively seeking out a new Junghans clock to add to my collection, I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to acquire this one at an attractive price. It now joins my collection of clocks, which includes two other Junghans clocks.
Junghans Sydney time and strike bracket clockC. 1911
One is a bracket clock from 1911 (code stamped B11), and the other is an older wall clock from the turn of the 20th century. Both of these clocks are among the 21 clocks in my home that are run and maintained on a daily basis.
Junghans Crispi time and strike wall clockC. 1899
As expected, the clock arrived safely after I chose to have it shipped to me instead of personally picking it up from the auction house, which is located two hours away from my home. I had confidence in the auction house’s ability to package the clock securely for safe shipping, as I have dealt with them in the past and they have always been careful with packaging.
Auction house photo
Having received the clock, I can confirm that it is exactly what I expected it to be, with no surprises or unexpected issues. Checking its functionality, I wound both sides and it runs and strikes as it should.
Backplate and coil gong
A similar movement in my Sydney bracket clock is stamped with a code (B11) indicating its production year, which is two years before this one. The gong block in both clocks is also identical in appearance.
However, I will only be able to confirm if there are any other internal differences between the two clocks when I dismantle the movement for cleaning.
Dial
Is the blemish just above the number five a scuff mark or a permanent abrasion, or is it merely a buildup of dirt that can be cleaned off?
Crackling or alligoration of the finish
The case of the clock appears dull and neglected, and I am uncertain as to the appropriate method for refinishing at this point, nevertheless, it is evident that the case’s appearance would be significantly improved with some care and attention.
Pendulum bob and key
A correction from a previous article
After believing that the pendulum attached to the clock was not appropriate for the movement, I replaced it with what I believed was the correct one. However, I discovered that the replacement pendulum did not reach down to the beveled glass port and the rod hook was opposite in orientation to the one that came with the clock.
Despite functioning well and keeping accurate time, it did not look suitable. After I posted an article on first impressions, sight unseen, A reader pointed out that they have the exact pendulum bob for their Junghans roundtop clock, which has now led me to reconsider my previous assumption that the original pendulum was not the correct one. Thank you, dear reader!
Now that I have confirmed that the clock is functioning correctly, it is time to proceed with the disassembly and cleaning process, which is evidently long overdue.
Every time I glance at one of the vintage clocks in my collection, I am struck by the exceptional level of craftsmanship and marvel at how a mechanical device crafted over a century ago can still maintain precise timekeeping.
Mechanical clocks are machines designed to measure, keep, and indicate time. Mechanical clocks rely on a combination of essential components to operate accurately, including a power source, gear train, escapement mechanism, regulating device, and display indicator. Each component plays a critical role in maintaining the clock’s accuracy and precision in timekeeping.
For simplicity, our discussion will be limited to mechanical clocks driven by a pendulum.
Let’s examine each function in detail.
Power:
The power source of a mechanical clock comes from winding the spring or lifting the weight.
Clock weights
Energy is transferred from the winder’s hand to the mainspring or weight, which stores the energy. When the clock is running, the energy is gradually released through the gears through the escapement, causing them to turn and power the clock’s movement. This movement, in turn, powers the clock’s hands and other features, such as the striking gears. Essentially, the mechanical energy from the winding mechanism is converted and transferred through various parts of the clock to keep time.
Mainspring for an American time and strike clock
Gears:
Gears, which are circular components with teeth, facilitate the transfer of energy through the gear train and turn each succeeding gear. In the case of the time-side gear train, it connects to the escape wheel, which rotates at a faster speed than the main wheel because of the interplay between the gears.
Reduction gears are commonly used in the striking or chiming mechanism of the clock, which sounds the hour or quarter-hour. The striking mechanism requires a slower and more prolonged release of energy, and reduction gears help to achieve this by slowing down the rate of rotation of the striking hammers.
Fusee
In some clock designs, the gear train may also incorporate a fusee, a cone-shaped pulley with a spiral groove, which compensates for the decreasing tension of the mainspring as it unwinds. The fusee acts as a mechanical amplifier, multiplying the force of the mainspring as it unwinds and compensating for the reduction in power over time. This allows the clock to maintain accurate timekeeping even as the mainspring unwinds.
Overall, the gear train and reduction gears are essential components of a clock’s mechanism, enabling the precise transfer and conversion of energy to power its movement and features.
Escapement:
The escapement allows the power to “escape” at a controlled rate. The tick-tock sound heard from a mechanical clock is caused by the verge catching and releasing the teeth of the escape wheel, transmitting an impulse to the pendulum to keep it swinging.
Escape wheel and pallets
Regulator:
The regulator controls the speed of the clock. Pendulums with longer rods oscillate more slowly, while those with shorter rods oscillate faster.
The rate of the escapement, which controls the release of energy from the gear train, can be adjusted by altering the effective length of the pendulum, which is the oscillating component of the clock’s regulating system. This can be done by adjusting the position of the pendulum weight or changing the length of the pendulum rod. By altering the length of the pendulum, the clock can be regulated and keep more accurate time.
Indicator:
The clock hands provide a visual reference of the current time, while the chimes or alarms provide an audible signal at specific intervals, such as the top of the hour or the quarter hour.
Synergy
Thus, the concept of synergy is essential in understanding how all the individual parts of a clock work together as a cohesive system to achieve the singular purpose of timekeeping. Each component has its specific function, but they all work together in harmony to create an accurate and reliable timekeeping tool.
The large hands of a gallery or dial clock
Mechanical clocks are a testament to the brilliance of their inventors, as many of these machines still run as well today as they did over a hundred years ago. The interaction of these five elements results in a synergy that allows these machines to do one thing: tell time.
As an avid antique shopper, I understand the thrill of finding a unique and valuable item, especially at a reasonable price. However, on my recent visit to a local antique shop, I found items priced far above their actual value, which was a disappointment.
I expect antique store prices to be slightly higher to cover overhead costs and ensure a decent profit margin, but in some cases, the prices can be unreasonably high. When I frequent an antique store and see the same items over and over should that not be a clear message to the seller that their prices are higher than they should be?
In this article, I would like to offer some tips for antique shop proprietors to help create a positive and profitable experience for all.
Tip 1 – do price aggressively
Antique shop proprietors face the challenge of balancing profitability with the need to maintain a diverse and appealing inventory. While it is tempting to hold on to high-value items and wait for the right buyer to come along, this approach can lead to stagnation in inventory and reduced sales volume.
To succeed in the antique business, proprietors should price their items aggressively to move inventory quickly. This approach ensures that the shop always has fresh, appealing items for customers to browse and purchase. A high volume of sales generates positive word-of-mouth advertising and repeat business.
Being knowledgeable about the values of items is crucial to pricing them accordingly. Proprietors should stay up-to-date on the latest trends in the antique market and be able to accurately assess the value of their inventory. This knowledge enables them to price items competitively while still making a reasonable profit.
Proprietors must strike a balance between pricing items aggressively and ensuring that they are not undervaluing their inventory.
Antique store find – Seth Thomas Adamantine C.1900
Tip 2 – price appropriately
Antique shop proprietors are not experts in every facet of the antique world but they should have a good understanding of the value and condition of the items they are selling in order to price them appropriately and provide accurate information to potential buyers.
In some cases, I have found that antique shop owners are not up-to-date with the current market prices of antique and vintage clocks which can lead to them overpricing their inventory and potentially losing out on sales.
Regularly educating themselves on the values of items they are selling ensures they are pricing their inventory competitively and staying relevant in the antique market.
Tip 3 – Is the customer always right?
Is the customer always right? Not always but listening to customers’ explanations for why they believe the price should be lower can lead to a successful negotiation and potentially repeat business. If customers appear knowledgeable about the item, proprietors should be prepared to give a little on the price. Proprietors that are steadfast on pricing may risk losing potential customers who are looking for a good deal or feel that they are being overcharged.
Inflexibility in pricing can also create a negative perception of the business and its customer service, leading to reduced customer loyalty and potentially negative reviews.
If I encounter pricing resistance while shopping, I may choose to discontinue my shopping.
Tip 4 – staging iskey to the presentation
Presentation of merchandise is everything. Thoughtful placement and a well-curated display can make all the difference in attracting potential buyers.
Thoughtful placement can involve creating an attractive and visually pleasing display that highlights the unique features of each item by grouping similar items together making it easier for customers to find what they are looking for and can also help create a cohesive display.
Antique store find – Gilbert Admiral calendar clockC. 1900
Good lighting can make a big difference in how items are perceived by customers. Good lighting highlights the unique features of each item and creates an inviting atmosphere.
Creating a specific theme or style can help customers envision how items might look in their own homes.
Using height to advantage by placing items on shelves or pedestals at different heights. This can create visual interest and make it easier for customers to see everything that is available.
Antique store find – Lexington banjo clock C. 1927
While it can be tempting to try to cram as many items as possible into a small space, this can actually be overwhelming for customers. Make sure there is enough space between items so that customers can see everything clearly.
Keep things fresh by rotating your inventory regularly. This can help regular customers see new items and also create a sense of urgency for customers to purchase items they might not see again. Rotation will also encourage customers to return to your store.
Overall, thoughtful placement is about creating an environment that is visually appealing and easy for customers to navigate.
Tip 5 – stay up to date
Antique shop proprietors should not only keep themselves updated on the current market value of items but also be aware of any trends or changes in demand. This will help them adjust their pricing strategy accordingly to attract more customers and increase sales. It is also essential to have a good understanding of the condition of the items they sell, as this can significantly impact the value. For instance, a clock that is in pristine condition will be worth more than one that is damaged or has missing parts.
Antique store find – Seth Thomas column and cornice clock C.1875
Proprietors can also consider offering special deals or deep discounts to customers to attract more sales. This can include bundle deals, clearance sales, or discounts for frequent customers.
They can leverage the power of social media and online marketplaces to reach a broader audience and increase sales. By having a strong online presence, they can showcase their unique inventory and reach customers who may not have otherwise found their store.
Customers will ultimately vote with their feet
Customers know they can walk away from a price that is too high. There are many antique stores to choose from, and finding one that values its customers and its inventory is worth the search. Providing fair and reasonable prices can not only attract customers but also build a loyal customer base for an antique store.
Finally
By using these tips, antique store owners can create a shopping experience that is both enjoyable and profitable. With knowledge, negotiation skills, and thoughtful presentation, the world of antiques can be an exciting and rewarding one for proprietors and customers alike.
If you’ve ever examined a pendulum-driven wall clock, you might have noticed a small plaque affixed to the back panel just below the pendulum. This plaque is commonly known as a beat plaque or beat scale indicator. Although the presence of a beat scale on a clock does not always indicate its value, it does perform a significant role.
Seth Thomas #2 beat scale below pendulum bob
Most beat scales have I and II markers on either side and when the pendulum swings, it should swing beyond the indicator I marker and close to the II.
The amplitude of the pendulum swing can reveal the health of the clock’s movement.
If there is very little amplitude in the pendulum’s swing, it could indicate wear or issues with the movement. In such cases, it may be necessary to investigate the movement, make pallet adjustments, or mitigate any wear issues.
Mauthe wall clock
When the pendulum swing is too large or excessive, it may indicate an issue with the clock’s movement. Swinging too far beyond the II marker on the beat scale could suggest that the clock’s mechanism has a problem, which could include a loose pallet or an escapement that has worn out. In this case, it may be necessary to make adjustments or repairs to the clock’s mechanism to address this issue.
Mauthe wall clock circa 1895
Ideally, the pendulum of the clock should align with the center of the beat scale when the pendulum is stopped. It may not align correctly because of several reasons, such as wear and tear in the clock’s movement, changes in the environment that affect the clock’s components, improper installation, or adjustments made to the clock’s pendulum or beat scale.
If the beat scale appears off-center when the clock is stopped, it may also indicate that the clock is not squared correctly on the wall.
Arthur Pequegnat Moncton 15 day wall clock
The presence of a beat scale does not necessarily imply that a clock is of high quality. Certain high-quality clocks were produced without a beat scale, while others were designed with a beat scale as a guide or an ornamental feature. In some cases, beat scales may have been added to clocks after their manufacture for decorative purposes.
If a clock has a beat scale, it assumes several conditions.
These include;
the assumption that the beat scale is original to the clock and was applied dead center,
that the scale has never been removed,
that the clock’s case has not undergone any environmental changes such as warping or high humidity,
that the pendulum rod and bob have not experienced similar environmental changes.
and that the clock’s movement, pendulum, and bob have not required any repairs or maintenance that could adversely affect the dead center between the beat scale and the pendulum.
Vienna regulator beat scale
The beat scale was originally designed and manufactured as a high-tech object and while they do serve a practical purpose in some clocks in many cases beat scales are purely decorative.
However, as noted above, the presence of a beat scale alone is not necessarily indicative of a clock’s value or quality.
During my article review this week, I stumbled upon my first-ever blog post from 2015 about my fortunate discovery of an Arthur Pequegnat clock in a nearby antique shop. It was an exciting experience for me, and I was thrilled to share it with my readers.
Arthur Pequegant Brandon II
This was my first Arthur Pequegnat clock whihc was the second edtiiion of the Brandon model. The second edition was made from 1917 to 1941. The first edition of the clock, which was produced until 1916, had similar dimensions but a more ornate frame around the dial bezel.
The Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company’s Brandon II model is a simple clock and was one of their most sought-after designs. It was primarily used in Canadian schoolrooms and office settings during the 1930s and 1940s.
The clock’s octagonal shape and short drop make it a recognizable design, and it is often referred to as a schoolhouse clock. Schoolhouse clocks were a popular type of clock used in schools during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by their simple yet sturdy design and often featuring a visible pendulum.
Schoolhouse clocks were usually time-only, as there would be other methods such as bells or alarms to mark key points in a typical school day. If placed in an office environment, a strike train would be too distracting for employees. Brandon models also came with calendars, a useful feature for both school or office.
Time-only Brandon with Calendarand “Regulator” decal
Both the case, made of quarter-sawn oak, and the brass movement were produced by the Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company in their small Kitchener factory until 1941. The company stopped production abruptly due to brass shortages during the Second World War.
The time-only movement is relatively simple with few gears and little that can go wrong. It was designed to be reliable, dependable, and able to withstand the abuse of a school or office environment.
Arthur Pequegnat Brandon time-only movement
I purchased this clock from an antique collector who had owned it for a number of years. He decided to sell it in his antique shop in Great Village, Nova Scotia, and I found the price to be reasonable. The case, face, and bezel are all in excellent condition. However, the clock had an annoying squeak that suggested something was wrong. After investigating, I discovered that the first wheel had considerable pivot hole wear.
Regrettably, due to my lack of expertise and tools at the time, I couldn’t repair the clock on my own. I had to take it to a horologist in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who performed the required repairs. The clock needed five bushings, a thorough cleaning of the mainspring, and oiling of the movement. Following the necessary repairs, the clock has been consistently dependable and has required only an inspection and re-oiling two years ago.
Since then, I have acquired eight more Arthur Pequegnat clocks and have since gained the skills to service each of them myself.
An often-asked question is why should I repair an antique clock if the repair exceeds its value.
The decision to repair an antique clock if the repair exceeds its value ultimately depends on your personal attachment to the clock and its historical significance.
Let’s talk aboutsentimental value
If the clock has been in your family for generations or has sentimental value to you, repairing it may be worth the cost, even if it exceeds the clock’s current market value. Repairs might include restoration or significant repairs to the case but a working clock that presents well is the main objective. Having a ticking clock can add a touch of elegance and charm to a room, as well as provide a sense of history and provide an important connection to the past.
A clock with a homemade plywood case was worth the repair because of its family heritage
A clock that is rare is worth the repair if…
If the clock is rare or has historical significance, it may be worth repairing regardless of the cost. Some antique clocks may have been made by renowned clockmakers or may be associated with important historical events or figures, making them highly valuable.
Valuable antique clocks must be carefully repaired because they often have unique and irreplaceable pieces that require specialized knowledge and expertise to repair. Any repairs must be done in a way that preserves their originality and authenticity.
To repair certain clocks, it may be necessary to use rare and difficult-to-find components or even handmade parts. This highlights the importance of collaborating with a skilled and knowledgeable clock repair specialist who has access to these parts or can create them. Even a small error in repair can result in significant damage to the clock’s mechanism and timing, leading to a reduction in value.
Improper repairs can significantly reduce the clock’s value and historical significance. Valuable antique clocks can be fragile and delicate, with intricate mechanisms and delicate parts that require careful handling during the repair. Any damage to these parts can irreversibly damage the clock, leading to a loss in value.
Working with a qualified and experienced clock repair professional is essential to ensure that the clock is repaired correctly and maintains its value.
This Kienzle World Time clock has maintained its value
A clock as an investment
If you believe that the clock’s value may appreciate over time, repairing it may be a wise investment.
Clock collecting for investment purposes is a complex and potentially risky endeavor that requires a significant amount of knowledge, research, and expertise. While some antique clocks may appreciate in value over time, the market for antique clocks can be unpredictable, and there is no guarantee that a clock will increase in value.
Additionally, the cost of purchasing and maintaining a collection of antique clocks can be significant, and the potential return on investment may not justify the expense. Clock collecting for investment purposes should be approached with caution and with a thorough understanding of the market and the value of individual pieces.
Appreciate an antique clock for what it is
Antique clocks are often rare and unique, making them a great conversation starter. Guests may be intrigued by the clock’s history and design, leading to interesting conversations and the opportunity to share knowledge and stories.
On the other hand, if the clock has little sentimental or historical value and is unlikely to appreciate in value, it may not be worth repairing if the cost exceeds its current value. Ultimately, the decision to repair an antique clock should be based on a careful evaluation of its worth and your personal attachment to it.
A common bracket clock made by Junghans
Antique clocks have a sense of history and nostalgia that can be comforting and grounding. They remind us of the past and the craftsmanship that went into making these timepieces before the era of digital clocks and watches.
While antique clocks may not be as accurate as modern timepieces, they can still keep time and serve a practical purpose in a room.
The Pequegnat name may not be familiar to international readers but it was a significant Canadian clock company that manufactured both movements and cases beginning in the early 20th century.
The Pequegnat Clock Company was a Canadian clock manufacturer that operated from 1904 to 1941. The company was founded by Arthur Pequegnat a Canadian immigrant who brought his family from Switzerland to begin a new life in Canada.
Pequegnat was a skilled clockmaker and entrepreneur, and he saw an opportunity to start his own clock company in Kitchener (then Berlin), Ontario. But the story actually begins prior to 1904.
In 1897 Arthur expanded his Berlin Jewelry shop to include the manufacture of bicycles. However, by 1904, with the decrease in the demand for bicycles, Arthur began to re-focus on the clock industry by manufacturing his own clock movements at his Berlin Bicycle Manufacturing plant and the motto, “Buy Canadian – Pequegnat clocks are better than foreign-made ones”” struck a chord with Canadian buyers.
At first, the wooden clock cases were made by local furniture makers, however, in time, he manufactured his own clock cases.
Pequegnat Clock Company produced high-quality clocks, and its products quickly gained a reputation for their accuracy and reliability. The company produced a wide variety of clocks, including wall clocks, mantle clocks, and grandfather clocks.
Clock face with maker’s name
During the early years, the company faced a lot of competition from American clock companies, but Pequegnat was able to differentiate his products by designing and manufacturing unique clock cases that appealed to Canadian tastes.
The company continued to grow, and by the 1920s, it had become one of the largest clock manufacturers in Canada.
The Great Depression hit the Pequegnat Clock Company hard, and the company struggled to stay afloat during the 1930s. In 1941, with brass in short supply as a result of the war effort the company was forced to close due to financial difficulties, and its assets were liquidated.
Despite its relatively short lifespan, the Pequegnat Clock Company played an important role in the history of Canadian clock manufacturing. The company’s clocks are still highly sought after by collectors, and its products are considered some of the finest examples of Canadian clockmaking.
The Maple Leaf – a symbol of pride
The maple leaf slowly caught on as a national symbol in 1868 (the year after Canada’s Confederation) as it was included in the coat of arms of Ontario and the coat of arms of Quebec and added to the Canadian coat of arms in 1921. The maple leaf is a symbol of our national identity.
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “fan top”
Canadian readers and perhaps those abroad with a connection to Canada would instantly recognize the maple leaf as distinctly Canadian.
Cashing in on Canada’s identity as a nation, Pequegnat saw the value in naming clocks after Canadian cities, cities such as Stratford, London, Toronto, Moncton, Montreal, and so on. Indeed, most homes and businesses in Canada had a Pequegnat clock.
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “round top”
Berlin, Ontario was re-named Kitchener Ontario in 1916, due to anti-German backlash during WW I. This becomes a useful tool when dating Pequegnat clocks as labels, movements, or dials marked “Berlin” date the clock to 1916 or earlier, and those marked “Kitchener” are 1916 or later. However, many clocks had a long production life and it is difficult to date any Arthur Pequegnat clock precisely as there were no production numbers on the movements.
Pequegnat’s interpretation of the kitchen clock
The Maple Leaf series was Pequegnat’s interpretation of the popular American kitchen clock.
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “curly top”
The Maple Leaf Series was a line of clocks produced by the Pequegnat Clock Company of Canada in the early 20th century. The series was named after the maple leaf, a powerful symbol of Canada.
The Maple Leaf Series was first introduced in 1911, and it quickly became one of the company’s most popular product lines. The series included several different models. The clocks were made with high-quality materials and brass movements.
The door of a Maple Leaf clock
There are 2 notable features of the Maple Leaf Series. One was the clock tablet, which featured a stylized array of 36 maple leaves framed by half moons and with an opening to display the pendulum bob. Why the number 36? In some cultures, it is considered a lucky number.
The second feature was a brass maple leaf pendulum bob.
The clocks in the Maple Leaf series did not have specific names and are referred to by collectors as the pointed top, the round top, the fan top, the curly top, and so on.
The Maple Leaf series of Pequegnat kitchen clocks (photo courtesy of The Canadian Clock Museum)
The clock depicted above may or may not belong to the Maple Leaf series but the maple leaves within the tablet design are considerably more stylized, and the edging is understated. Like the Canuck pictured below, this design could be a variant.
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “pointed top”
The dials were typically paper on tin and some had a gold center accent.
Many would not consider the Canuck to be a “Maple Leaf” kitchen clock though some variants had a maple leaf tablet. The Canuck also stood out from other kitchen clocks due to its use of steamed pressed oak in its construction.
The Canuck kitchen clock
The Maple Leaf Series was a significant part of the Pequegnat Clock Company’s success, and the clocks from this series are still highly prized by collectors today.
Overall, the Maple Leaf Series represented a major contribution to the Pequegnat Clock Company’s prosperity, and its models remain a sought-after collectible for clock enthusiasts.
Antique clocks are a fascinating and cherished part of our cultural heritage, valued both for their historical significance and their intricate mechanical workings.
However, the maintenance and repair of these clocks can be a daunting task, requiring a great deal of knowledge and expertise to ensure their preservation.
YouTube has become a popular platform for sharing information on antique clock repair, but this can often be a perilous journey, fraught with misinformation and potential hazards.
Read on and discover why the journey can be fraught with perils.
A time-only clock movement
A wealth of contentand not all of it is good
One of the main challenges of researching antique clock repair on YouTube is the sheer volume of content available. While there are certainly many skilled and knowledgeable individuals sharing their expertise on the platform, there are also countless amateurs and hobbyists who may not have the necessary qualifications or experience to provide accurate or reliable advice.
This can make it difficult for novice clock enthusiasts to distinguish between reliable sources and those that may be less trustworthy.
Lack of oversight
Unlike traditional academic or professional settings, YouTube does not have any formal accreditation or certification processes to ensure the qualifications and expertise of those providing advice.
This can lead to a situation where individuals with limited knowledge or experience are able to present themselves as experts, potentially leading to poor repair outcomes or even irreversible damage to valuable antique clocks.
American time and strike movement
The quick fix
Many YouTube videos on antique clock repair focus on quick fixes and shortcuts rather than proper, long-term maintenance and repair. While these videos may be popular and offer a quick and easy solution to a problem, they can often do more harm than good in the long run.
An example is immersing an entire movement in a solution, a process often called “Duncan Swish” within clock repair circles. Although immersing an unassembled movement in a cleaning solution may provide prompt results and is a quick and easy solution, it is not a substitute for meticulous disassembly and repair. Quick-fix solutions like this can actually worsen the wear on a clock movement, rather than resolving the underlying issues.
Improper repairs or maintenance can cause irreversible damage to delicate clock mechanisms, potentially decreasing the value of the clock or even rendering it unusable.
An unusual click spring repair was done by a past repairer
Lack of background information or context
Another challenge with researching antique clock repair on YouTube is the lack of context or background information provided in many videos. Without a comprehensive understanding of the history and mechanics of a particular clock, it can be difficult to diagnose and address issues properly.
Some videos may not provide adequate instructions or guidance, leading to confusion or even dangerous situations if attempted by an untrained individual.
important steps are missing
Steps are missing because the person making the video may not have the necessary knowledge or expertise to perform a complete repair. They may be an amateur or hobbyist who is sharing their experience and techniques, but they may not have the same level of training and experience as a professional clockmaker.
Steps are missing because the video is intended to be a quick tutorial or overview, rather than a comprehensive guide to clock repair. In order to keep the video short and engaging, the person making the video may choose to skip over certain steps or focus only on the most critical parts of the repair.
An English Fusee movement
The person making the video assumes that the viewer already has a certain level of knowledge or expertise. They may assume that the viewer has a basic understanding of clock mechanics or has performed similar repairs in the past.
The video author also intentionally withholds certain steps or information in order to encourage viewers to seek out their professional services. They may provide a basic overview of the repair process but withhold more detailed or advanced information, in order to entice viewers to pay for their expertise.
Regardless of the reasons, it is important for viewers to approach these tutorials with caution and skepticism. Expanding one’s knowledge is crucial for making informed decisions when consulting multiple sources and determining the accuracy of clock repairs and this can only be accomplished through continuous learning and growth.
A worn regulating leaf gear
Youtube can have valueto an enthusiast
Antique clock repair is a highly specialized field that requires a great deal of knowledge, skill, and experience. While YouTube can certainly be a valuable resource for those seeking to learn more about clock repair, it is important to recognize its limitations and potential hazards.
As your knowledge of clock repair expands, you will develop the ability to distinguish between those who provide constructive guidance and those who do not.
There are several youtube sources that I consider to be of value but I will not reveal them here because it is important for each clock repairer to assess and determine their own go-to sources for information and guidance. It’s important to critically evaluate and verify the information presented in any online source before applying it to your own clock repair work.
Finally
While YouTube can be a useful tool for those interested in antique clock repair, it is important to approach this journey with caution and skepticism.
With so much content available and a lack of oversight and regulation on the platform, it can be difficult to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources of information. Many videos may focus on quick fixes or shortcuts rather than proper maintenance and repair, potentially leading to irreversible damage to valuable antique clocks.
When watching clock repair videos on YouTube, it is important to approach them with a critical eye and evaluate whether the procedures being shown are safe, and performed correctly and whether the repair will ultimately increase or decrease the value of your antique or vintage clock.
In my view, it is not a useful exercise to comment on a clock repair video that shows incorrect methods or practices as there are plenty of others who will take great joy in criticizing. Rather, it is more advantageous and less frustrating to find alternative sources that can provide valuable suggestions and guidance for clock repair.
Keep searching, those sites are out there, and once found you will be rewarded.
Photography can be a useful tool in almost any hobby, including clock repair. While written instructions can be helpful, a well-crafted video or series of detailed still images can be even more effective. As the saying goes, “A picture is worth a thousand words.”
Homemade click spring repair
In this article, we will explore the benefits of using any type of camera to record the process of repairing a clock. However, we will also discover that there is a specific type of camera and lens that offers the best results for this purpose.
Not all cameras are created equal. While cell phones can take decent pictures, they have limitations when it comes to isolating foreground from background and producing high-quality macro images. Nevertheless, if a dedicated camera is unavailable, using a cell phone camera is still better than having no documentation at all when it comes to clock repairs.
Working on an escape wheel bridge
My preferred setup
The author has used several cameras for clock repair photography but their go-to camera is a digital interchangeable single-lens reflex camera, the Olympus E-330, which was made in 2006. Despite its age, the camera has more than enough megapixels (7.5mp) and is fully capable of producing superior results. The photos can be resized to a smaller dimension for publication on a blog, without a significant loss of quality.
To avoid any shaky images while capturing photos with a low shutter speed, I utilize a sturdy and high-quality Manfrotto tripod with a ball head. Using a tripod is crucial when taking photos with a low shutter speed because it helps to stabilize the camera and prevent any unwanted camera shake or blur, resulting in sharper and more professional-looking images.
Olympus E330 with 50mm macro lens
Paired with an Olympus 50mm F2 macro lens, the Olympus SLR is excellent for taking close-up shots and producing a pleasing soft out-of-focus background blur or bokeh.
All closeup photographs on this page were taken with the Olympus 50mm f2 macro lens.
Inspecting a pivot for wear
A dedicated macro lens is important for close-up photography because it allows for a high degree of magnification with minimal distortion and high image quality but most importantly it isolates the subject.
Macro lenses are specifically designed to produce sharp images at close range, with a flat field of focus and minimal aberrations. They also typically have a wider maximum aperture, which allows for better control over the depth of field.
A very worn pivot
Using a non-macro lens for close-up photography can result in image distortion, reduced sharpness, and difficulty in achieving accurate focus.
Balance wheel hairspring showing a slight kink
A capable and versatile camera is also essential for macro photography. One of the E-330’s best features is its ability to switch from automatic to manual focus mode and lock onto an extremely close subject through a 10X magnification box, making it ideal for clock repair photography.
The author takes dozens of photos from every conceivable angle during a repair job and catalogs them for future reference.
New main wheel bushing for a banjo clock
Can I use my cell phone?
Yes, it is possible but with an understanding of its limitations!
Many modern cell phones have a built-in macro feature that allows you to take close-up photos of small objects. However, the quality of the macro feature can vary greatly between different phones and models. In general, the camera features of a cell phone improve with a higher price point.
Some phones have dedicated macro lenses or sensors that allow for better magnification and clarity, while others may rely on software, often called digital zoom, to enhance close-up shots. Phones with higher-end cameras and more advanced features tend to have better macro capabilities.
That being said, even with a macro feature, even the best cell phones can still have limitations when it comes to close-up photography. They may struggle with focusing on small subjects, produce lower-quality images with more noise or distortion, or have a limited depth of field.
A dedicated camera with a good macro lens that can be focused manually is still the preferred choice for serious close-up photography.
Finally
Based on my personal experience, I would recommend using a dedicated camera with a high-quality macro lens for achieving the best possible results when documenting clock repairs.
Having a good camera with a dedicated macro lens can greatly enhance the clock repair process. It doesn’t have to be the latest and greatest or the most expensive, but it should be decent enough to produce high-quality results.
I believe that a camera is one of the most indispensable tools for repairing clocks. There have been several instances where I had to consult a photograph to ensure the precise placement of a clock component on a movement being repaired, which has saved me hours of frustration and prevented any potential mistakes.
Overall, the utilization of photography as a tool in clock repair enables repairers to document their work and have a visual reference to ensure accuracy and consistency in their repairs, ultimately resulting in successful and lasting repairs.
As a manufacturer today Junghans is not the same company that made mechanical clocks many years ago. In response to the demands and advancements in technology in today’s world, the company has undergone a transformation in its products. In recent years, the company has established itself as a prominent manufacturer of high-quality wristwatches.
B13 stamped on the movement plate indicates that it was made in the last half of 1913
With a rich heritage in mechanical clockmaking, the company had established itself as a prolific producer of wall, mantel, and tall case clocks. Collectors and enthusiasts highly value the company’s clocks for their superior quality, craftsmanship, and classic designs that have withstood the test of time.
While I am not specifically searching for Junghans clocks, I have two other Junghans clocks in my collection. One is a bracket clock from 1911, and the other is an older wall clock from the turn of the 20th century.
As of this writing, my most recent acquisition is not yet part of my Junghans clock collection but here is what I know so far.
Based on the pictures obtained from the recent online auction where it was purchased, this unremarkable roundtop time and strike clock from 1913 seems to be in fair condition.
The 1915 Junghans catalog identifies the clock as the Hunsruck, named after a mountain range in Germany, and provides its specifications as 28.5 cm in height with a mahogany or oak case construction, a 14-day run time, and a silvered dial.
Cambered faceted front
It is unclear from the auction photos whether the clock is made of mahogany or not, but judging from the photos its reddish tone suggests it is mahogany. Occasionally, the feet may be replaced with a different type but it is highly probable that they are the original brass ball feet.
One notable feature is the faceted glass port below the clock face, which allows the pendulum bob to be seen in motion.
The photo above shows an example of what would have been the original pendulum with a weight of 150g or 5.2 oz.
The current pendulum is a replacement for the original unit, which was likely lost or misplaced. However, it is not a suitable match as it lacks the necessary weight and aesthetic appeal of the original brass pendulum.
The clock’s movement, which rests on a movement support piece, is a timeless time-and-strike design that was a hallmark feature of numerous Junghans mantel clocks during that era. The Junghans trademark is boldly showcased on the gong block.
The pendulum bob is not correct
When the clock was won at auction the delivery was arranged and I should have it in the next few days. The price? 55CDN plus buyers’ premium, taxes, and shipping.
It is assumed that the clock is operational, but its actual condition cannot be determined until it arrives.
While it is possible to repair an antique clock with common tools, there are limitations to what can be achieved. That’s the short answer. Let’s explore this a little further.
Repairing an antique clock with common household tools is possible, but it can be challenging, and it depends on the extent of the repairs needed and your knowledge of the internal mechanisms and workings of the clock.
Screwdrivers
If the repair needed is simple, such as adjusting the time or fixing a loose screw, household tools may be sufficient. However, more complex repairs such as replacing broken parts or restoring the clock’s intricate mechanisms may require specialized tools and expertise that may not be readily available in a typical household toolbox.
The simple task of cleaning a movement can be accomplished with tools such as a screwdriver and wrench in addition to other common household items. The springs on an open mainspring movement, for example, can be contained with heavy household wire or a worm gear hose clamp.
Cleaning brass movement plates can be achieved using common household soap, while toothpicks are a useful tool for cleaning out bushing holes. Fine steel wool is also appropriate for cleaning steel arbors and brass wheels.
clock movements in need of repair
Antique clocks are often delicate and require careful handling, so it’s important to exercise caution and work slowly and methodically when attempting any repairs.
The wheels of a typical American time and strike movement
If you’re unsure about your ability to repair the clock yourself, it may be best to seek the help of a professional clock repair person who has experience with antique clocks.
When financial resources are scarce and it is challenging to find an expert in clock repair, one must embark on a journey of self-discovery which includes learning and mastering the skills necessary to repair clocks oneself, thereby gaining valuable knowledge and self-reliance.
The mission of this antique and vintage clock blog is to help people feel confident in making basic repairs to their antique clocks when they stop functioning by identifying the problem, learning about the different types of clock movements, understanding the workings of the movement type, gathering the right tools, taking your time and exercising patience while attending to detail, practicing basic repairs through repetition and knowing when to seek expert help.
In a world dominated by digital devices, there is something nostalgic and comforting about antique clocks. These timepieces, often crafted with intricate designs and meticulous attention to detail, remind us of a simpler time when life moved at a slower pace and technology was not as prevalent in our daily lives.
Antique clocks, with their hands moving around a circular dial, have been around for centuries. The earliest examples date back to the 14th century, and their design has evolved over time to become the classic timepieces we know and love today.
Unlike digital clocks, which often display time in a stark and utilitarian manner, analog clocks have a timeless elegance that can complement any decor.
The dignity and style ofa miniature Vienna Regulator
In our fast-paced, digital world, it’s easy to forget the value of simplicity. Antique clocks remind us of a time when we weren’t constantly bombarded by notifications and distractions. They harken back to an era when time was marked not by milliseconds and seconds but by the steady, measured tick of a clock’s hands. This simplicity can be a welcome respite from the complexity of modern life today.
There’s also something inherently human about antique clocks. They remind us that time is a physical thing, something we can see and touch. Unlike digital clocks, which can feel cold and sterile, analog clocks have a tactile quality that connects us to the world around us. They remind us that time is not an abstract concept but a fundamental aspect of our existence.
A common 20th-century mantel clock by Seth Thomas
Antique clocks also offer a sense of continuity with the past. Many of these timepieces have been passed down through generations of families or have been treasured possessions for centuries. They remind us that we are part of a long line of people who have marked time in the same way, and that we are part of a larger history that stretches back to the earliest days of human civilization.
A classic time only timepiece or banjo clock from the 1840s
Perhaps most importantly, antique clocks remind us to slow down and appreciate the beauty in everyday life. In our rush to get things done and be productive, we can sometimes forget to stop and savor the moment. Antique and vintage clocks, with their steady rhythm and timeless design, encourage us to take a breath and appreciate the world around us. They remind us that life is not just about achieving goals and ticking items off a to-do list, but about experiencing the beauty and wonder of the world.
An attractive30-hour shelf clock by E. Ingraham
While digital clocks may dominate our modern world, antique clocks offer a reminder of the simplicity, elegance, and humanity of our past.
These timepieces connect us to a history that stretches back centuries and reminds us that time is a physical and tangible thing that is best appreciated when we slow down and savor each moment.
As we continue to navigate the complexities of modern life, we can take comfort in the timeless elegance of antique clocks, and the reminder to appreciate the beauty and simplicity of everyday life.
Tick-Talk Tuesday is dedicated to addressing readers’ letters and comments related to clock issues, challenges, and recommendations for specific clocks. In cases where the comments and questions are particularly challenging, I seek advice from my fellow clock enthusiasts to provide the most accurate and helpful response.
It is important to respond to emails from interested visitors, as it not only cultivates a sense of community and engagement with my audience but also facilitates the establishment of relationships with individuals who share similar interests.
Given that I am not a clock valuation expert and cannot physically inspect its construction, repair status, and overall condition, any estimate I provide from information provided to me by email regarding the clock’s value would be approximate.
HL writes:
Can you please tell me the value of this clock?
Photo provided by HL
My reply:
It appears to be a French-made clock and looks to be in good shape judging from the photos except for what appears to be a broken chip on the left shoulder of the clock case. Are there any other visible cracks, scratches, or dents on the clock? It is impossible to place a value sight unseen because much is unknown.
For instance, does the clock have its original movement, have parts been replaced over the years, and what repairs if any have been made. Are any unseen parts of the clock missing or broken? In the absence of a professional valuation, it could be worth several hundred dollars if complete and original.
Remarks
I did not hear back from HL. Perhaps I provided them with the answer they were looking for or they were not satisfied with my online appraisal.
While the clock’s aesthetic appeal is undeniable and it could potentially exceed my initial estimate in value, my ability to accurately appraise it is limited by my lack of detailed information regarding its features and history.
Antique clocks come in a wide variety of styles, makers, and materials, and can range in price from a few hundred to tens of thousands of dollars. Whether you’re a collector, a history buff, or simply appreciate the craftsmanship and beauty of antique timepieces, buying an antique clock requires careful consideration and research.
A marriage not made in heaven, movement and case do not match and the glass door is missing
In this article, we’ll provide you with some tips and advice to help you navigate the world of antique clocks and make informed decisions when purchasing your own antique timepiece. From researching different styles to finding a reputable dealer, we’ll cover the key factors you need to consider when buying an antique clock.
Buying an antique clock can be a fascinating experience, but it can also be challenging. Here are some tips to help you find and buy an antique clock:
Research
Before you start looking for an antique clock, “do your research”. Learn about different styles, makers, and materials used in antique clocks, so you can make an informed decision. Many reputable sites online will assist you with your research. Knowledge is power as they say.
Budget carefully
Set a budget before you start your search. Prices for antique clocks can vary widely, so it’s important to know what you can afford. Staying within your budget limitations will eliminate buyers’ regret.
Establish your limit and budget carefully; grandfather clocks like this Ridgeway may look impressive but demand is low
Condition of the clock
Search out clocks that are in good working order, or at least repairable if you’re willing to put in the time and money. Inspect the clock carefully for damage, missing parts, or signs of wear and tear. Any clock that has missing pieces and the pieces are a challenge to source may be difficult or impossible to repair and restore to its original working condition and at the end of the day may not be worth the investment.
Authenticity
Verify the authenticity of the clock by checking its maker’s marks or other identifying features. If possible, get a certificate of authenticity from a reputable dealer or appraiser. Verify that the case and the movement began life together.
Provenance
The clock’s history and provenance can be important factors in its value. Look for clocks with a documented history, or that have been owned by notable individuals or institutions.
Older Ingraham mantel clocks are more desirable than later clocks made by the same company
Reputable dealer
Purchase your antique clock from a reputable dealer or auction house. Look for dealers who specialize in antique clocks, have a good reputation, and offer a guarantee of authenticity. Rely on your own judgment before you finalize the purchase agreement.
Negotiating the price
Don’t be afraid to negotiate the price with the dealer or seller, especially if the clock is in need of repair or restoration. Be respectful and make reasonable offers but be prepared to walk away if the seller is unwilling to negotiate or if the price exceeds your budget. There are many fish in the sea. Remember that there are many antique clocks available on the market, and it’s important to find the right clock at the right price for you.
Sometime you get lucky when the seller is unaware of the value of a clock
Transport and installation
Transporting and installing an antique clock, particularly a tall case or large wall clock can be tricky, so make sure you have a plan in place before you buy. Consider hiring a professional to help with installation and maintenance. Will that 18th-century grandfather clock fit in your car and are you able to set it up once you have it through the door?
Overall, buying an antique clock can be a rewarding experience, but it’s important to do your research, buy from reputable sources, and take the time to properly care for and maintain your new treasure.
I receive mail from folks who are often surprised the antique clock they just purchased has less value than they think when provided with an explanation.
Throughout history, people have often equated age with value. It is a common assumption that an object or idea that has been around for a long time must be worth preserving and treasuring. However, just because something is old, it does not necessarily mean that it is valuable. In fact, there are many instances where age can actually detract from the value of an item.
A $2 thrift store find
One example of this is technology. As technology advances at an exponential rate, older devices become outdated quickly. A computer that was top of the line ten years ago is now essentially useless in today’s world. Even if it still functions, it would be extremely slow and unable to run current software. Therefore, just because an object is old does not mean it is valuable in terms of technology.
A $10 find – Mission-style wall clock by Sessions
Similarly, some antique clocks may not be worth much at all. While it may be beautifully crafted and well-preserved, and represent thousands that were made it may not be in demand or fit with modern design styles. In some cases, the age of an object can actually detract from its value, as it may have damage, wear, or alterations that cannot be repaired without diminishing its historical significance.
A $60 auction win – 1-day ogee clock by the Hamilton Clock Co. (Canada)
Age alone does not determine the value of an object. While it is important to preserve history and cultural heritage, it is also important to recognize when something is outdated or no longer relevant. When assessing the value of something like a clock, it is important to consider its historical significance, reputed make, provenance, current demand, and whether it is still relevant or useful in today’s world.
What makes an antique clock valuable?
Antique clocks can be valuable for several reasons, including rarity, historical significance, or provenance when associated with a famous person, clocks that represent an important step in the development of timekeeping technology or the history of clockmaking, quality of craftsmanship as in the work of a noted clockmaker as well as clocks in excellent condition that contain their original parts.
The value of an antique clock depends on a combination of these factors, as well as the current market demand for such clocks.
However, just because something is old does not mean it is valuable.
Antique clocks are not only valuable as historical artifacts but also as complex machines that require precise repair and maintenance. To ensure their longevity and functionality, clock repairers need to have access to advanced tools that can help them diagnose and fix various issues. From ultrasonic cleaners to digital calipers, the modern clock repairer has an array of high-tech tools at their disposal that can make the restoration process more efficient and accurate.
In this article, we will explore some of the most advanced tools used in antique clock repair and how they are used to restore these valuable timepieces to their former glory.
Some of these tools may or may not break the bank depending on your financial situation or budget restrictions. Should you be prepared to invest heavily and cost is no object there are a number of options. For those of you who are budget minded, are looking for value, and are handy around wood-making tools, there are options for very little money.
For those specialized tools that will assist you in building and designing your own movements, such as a wheel/pinion cutter, the depthing tool, and advanced testing machines, please look elsewhere, this is not the place for you.
In my last article, I focused on what is needed for more advanced repairs but kept the budget at under 400 USD. This time the outlay grows a little but it can be controlled if you make careful decisions.
As in life, there are many ways of accomplishing the same task which means a number of options are available:
Purchase new tools
Substitute hand tools for machine tools
Make the tools
Buy on the used market
Improvise
For each category area, there are options for budget-minded and those with unlimited funds.
On a personal note, my first major tool was a spring winder. Next was a bushing machine followed by an ultrasonic cleaner and finally, a metal lathe. The purchases were made over the space of four years and working within a limited budget. Your mileage may vary.
Let’s get started.
Spring winder
Joe Collin’s spring winder for the budget-minded
Olie Baker spring winder
The Olie Baker spring winder is designed for hole or loop end mainsprings. It has a unique tailstock feature that safely stabilizes and secures your mainspring so it will not slip off. It also comes with nine mainspring sleeves.
Olie Baker spring winder
It is American-made and approximately 280 USD. An extra cost Mainspring Let-down Set or a comparable tool is required to operate the Ollie Baker Winder. The KWN spring winder, which is equally capable, competes with the Olie Baker.
You will need a letdown for the Olie Baker spring winder
Bushing Methods
Drill press
Bushing work can be accomplished on a drill press but a cheaper unit will have poor runout. Runout is the amount of “wobble” that is found in the drill press (the drill bit specifically) when it is rotating. A machine with a poor runout will produce a larger and more imperfect hole than the size of the drill bit used. My inexpensive Canadian Tire drill press has a visible runout and is not acceptable for bushing work. Higher-priced machines have less runout and can operate at very low speeds. A low-speed drill is optimal for bushing work.
Bushing by hand
Hand-reaming with KWM or Bergeon cutters is an art in and of itself. Hand reamers usually come as a set of 5 Reamers, 1 Chamfering Cutter, and a handle. A hand reamer set is an economical method of reaming bushing holes so that brass bushings are pushed into place once the hole is reamed out.
TheBushing machine
The KWM Bushing Tool is used with KWN bushings. Used units, which are a fraction of the cost, can only use KWN’s own bushings however, a new design makes it now possible to use all the original KWM brass brushings but also all brass and bronze bushings by Bergeon.
Bergeon Bushing Machine
The Bergeon bushing machine is the second option. The Bergeon Bushing machine Includes 2 plate clamps, 10 reamers, 3 pushers, 4 drilled stakes, 1 undrilled stake, 1 centering tool, 1 chamfering cutter, 1 centering stake, and instructions and is made in Switzerland.
As far as bushing machines are concerned one is no better than the other. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. There is a legion of fans on either side.
Cutting and smoothing broaches
Cheap cutters and smoothing broaches will certainly work but it is worth spending a little money on better-quality tools.
Junghans front plate count wheel bushing
Regardless of whether you subscribe to Bergeon or KWN bushings a set of bushings of various sizes is essential.
Drilling a hole using a cutter on a Bergeon bushing machine
Polishing pivots
Taig metal lathe
For repairing broken pivots a metal lather is essential. For polishing pivots, a lathe is very useful but not essential. The Taig metal lathe is a popular choice for hobbyists and professionals alike due to its accuracy, rigidity, and durability. With a range of attachments and accessories available, the Taig lathe is capable of tackling a variety of machining tasks with ease.
Taig lathe with 1/4 hp motor
Portable drill
During the early days of clock repair, I used a portable drill to polish pivots. It is relatively cheap as one usually has a portable drill around the house. Combined with emery boards it is an effective polisher.
It is becoming increasingly challenging to find good hard-cover clock repair books. Check out my article above for my choices for clock repair resources.
My clock book library
Cleaning choices
Ultrasonic cleaner
Using an ultrasonic cleaner is a highly effective way to clean small clock parts and components without causing damage or introducing harmful chemicals. The high-frequency sound waves generated by the cleaner can dislodge dirt, grime, and other contaminants from even the most hard-to-reach areas.
There are a wide variety of ultrasonic cleaners. A Chinese-made cleaner will work well (and is cost-effective) but for reliability and longevity, it is best to spend a little extra money on a quality machine.
Ultrasonic cleaner by L&R and Poly-Chem Deox 007 is a very effective combination
Of course, if you prefer not to go the ultrasonic route, hand cleaning is perfectly acceptable. You will not have the shiny brand-new look that an ultrasonic cleaner will give you but in most cases the movement is hidden and aesthetics are not absolutely required.
Important extras
Comfortable chair
Using a comfortable chair for antique clock repair can help reduce fatigue and improve concentration during the restoration process. A well-designed chair can provide proper support and comfort for extended periods of work, which can be particularly beneficial for complex and time-consuming repair projects. Do not underestimate the value of a comfortable chair.
Leather gloves
Mainsprings, when they break or let go can leave ugly cuts and bruises. A good pair of leather gloves will be your best friend.
Work area
Using a dedicated work area for clock repair is essential for creating a safe, organized, and efficient workspace. Having a designated area for repair work can help prevent accidents, minimize distractions, and ensure that all tools and materials are within easy reach. It can also help maintain the integrity of the clock being worked on by minimizing the risk of damage or contamination.
My work area was once a bedroom
I am sure I left out a few things but these are the essentials and again if your budget permits, better-quality tools will make all the difference.
In conclusion, the world of antique clock repair has come a long way in recent years with the development of advanced tools and technologies. These tools have made it possible for repairers to restore valuable timepieces with greater precision, efficiency, and accuracy.
While traditional repair methods and techniques will always have their place, the use of advanced tools has enabled repairers to tackle even the most challenging restoration projects with confidence. The use of advanced tools and techniques can help preserve these historical treasures for generations to come.
Bushing wear is a common issue that can occur on antique brass clock movements. A bushing is a small hole drilled into the plate that is used to support the pivots and reduce friction between the pivots and the clock’s plates. Over time, the bushings can become worn down or damaged due to friction, which can cause a clock to malfunction or stop. Other factors such as the environment the clock is in, the lack of periodic lubrication, and the build-up of dirt and grime combine to exacerbate wear over the years.
When bushing wear occurs, the clock’s pivots may become loose or wobbly, which can lead to the gears not meshing properly or becoming stuck. This can result in the clock losing accuracy or stopping altogether.
To repair bushing wear on an antique brass clock movement, the bushings or the holes must be drilled out and a new bushing inserted in its place. The new bushings must be precisely fitted to ensure that the clock’s pivots are properly supported and that the clock runs smoothly.
On my bench is a Sessions time-only schoolhouse clock made in the early 1920s. According to the label on the back, it is called the Office.
At only 21 inches high it is diminutive in size, unfortunately, the hands are incorrect
Factors at play when a clock stops
The clock stops when fully wound. There are essentially two factors at play when a clock stops. When the mainspring is fully compressed dirt and grime act like sandpaper and prevent the power of the mainspring from releasing. Some erroneously call this “overwinding” a term that has stubbornly persisted over the years. Worn bushing holes add to the problem when the holes are so worn the gears do not mesh correctly.
Curious, why is the trademark stamped on the INSIDE of the back plate?
Sessions movements are not new to me and I have worked on identical movements in the past. Compared to the others I have worked on, this one has minimal wear with one peculiarity detailed below.
Even before servicing, it looks clean
There is no doubt this movement has been worked on previously judging from pivot scratch marks around the bushing holes and a replacement click spring. The leader and suspension spring have also been replaced at some point in the clock’s life and judging from the condition of the suspension spring, it may need to be replaced in this servicing.
While there is some movement in all the bushing holes the worst is the 3rd wheel rear plate and the escape wheel front and rear plate. The holes in those three locations were drilled out and new bushings were installed in their place.
Despite slight wear on all other bushing holes, there is not enough to warrant new bushings at this time. Naturally, if I were in the clock repair business I would consider bushing the entire movement.
Using support to steady the escape wheel bridge
In this case, replacing bushings in the entire movement is not necessary as the clock will remain in my collection and as such will be inspected every 2-3 years for wear.
One of the unique features of clocks such as this is their ability to be hung and forgotten and continue to run quite well while very worn, a testament to their rugged design.
Plates on the left and gears on the right, a pretty simple movement
And now the eccentric repair. The click spring retaining tab/hook was snapped off for whatever reason. As a result, the replacement click spring winds its way through to the outside of the wheel by hooking into a hole drilled in the spoke. It is a little odd but as it works well there is no requirement for remediation. Aesthetics aside, some repairs do not need to be reversed if the part functions well.
Odd but it works
The mainspring has plenty of “spring” left in it which makes me wonder if it is a replacement.
On the test stand
During servicing the mainspring was unhooked from the main wheel arbour and using my Olie Baker spring winder, it was extended and thoroughly scrubbed with a Scotch-Brite heavy-duty scouring pad, and lubricated with Keystone clock spring oil. There was certainly enough dirt and grime to stop the clock in the spring’s fully wound position and a good cleaning solved the problem.
After a brief testing period, the movement was remounted and it is now on display on my kitchen wall where it rejoins its cousins.
As the tiny hands look rather silly, the correct clock hands will be added to my next clock supply order.
When Daylight Saving Time (DST) begins, we lose an hour. When it ends, we gain an hour. There are several reasons why some people advocate for ending daylight saving time (DST):
Disruption of sleep patterns:
Changing the clocks forward or backward by an hour can disrupt people’s sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and other health problems.
Safety concerns:
Studies have shown that there is an increase in traffic accidents and workplace injuries in the days following the time change. This is because people are more tired and less alert than usual.
Economic costs:
There are costs associated with changing clocks in devices and systems, such as transportation schedules and software. Additionally, there may be decreased productivity due to the disruption of sleep patterns.
Limited energy savings:
While DST was originally implemented as a way to save energy, studies have shown that the energy savings are minimal and may not be worth the disruption to people’s lives.
International coordination:
Not all countries observe DST, and those that do often have different start and end dates. This can cause confusion and difficulties in coordinating international travel, commerce, and communication.
Overall, ending DST could provide benefits for public health, safety, and economic efficiency.
In Canada?
Some provinces in Canada have been waiting to ditch the seasonal change but have cited a consistency with the US as a reason for the delay. The time change consistency is vital so as to align trading between the two countries. US bills have repeatedly failed to pass but once all the US states enact their own changes the federal go-ahead is the next step.
Yukon and most of Saskatchewan keep their clocks the same year-round. Yukon made the switch for the last time in March 2020, and standard time is now permanent.
DST is a relic of our past. Let’s just put it out of its misery.
The Sessions Clock Company of America was one of the leading clock manufacturers in the United States in the early 20th century. Founded in 1903 by William E. Sessions and Aaron Lufkin Dennison in Forestville, Connecticut, the company quickly gained a reputation for producing clocks that were both reliable and affordable.
Over the years, the Sessions Clock Company produced a wide range of clocks, including mantle clocks, and wall clocks, and became known for their innovative designs.
A very popular model was the schoolhouse clock. Schoolhouse wall clocks have a rich history dating back to the late 19th century. Originally used in schools, and other public places, these clocks were designed to be reasonably accurate and reliable timekeepers, with large, easy-to-read dials and distinctive wooden cases with glass-paneled lower access doors showing a moving pendulum.
A comparatively small schoolhouse showing incorrect hands
Over time, schoolhouse clocks became popular in homes and offices, with various manufacturers producing their own versions of the classic design. Today, schoolhouse wall clocks remain a popular choice for those seeking a traditional timepiece and are often seen as a symbol of American craftsmanship and design.
Diminutive clocks were popular in their day because of the lower cost compared to a larger wall clock. This clock is 21 inches high by 13 1/2 inches wide with a 7-inch dial and it is difficult to envision how it could be seen clearly in a large classroom setting but for some school regions, the cost was an important factor. Standard schoolhouse clocks are typically seven to eight inches longer and have 12-inch dials.
Most schoolhouse clocks were designed to display only the time, with no additional features such as a striking mechanism or date displays. This simplicity allowed for a greater focus on reliability, which was essential in public spaces such as schools where good timekeeping and long periods between servicing were crucial.
Shown in the middle with a Waterbury on the right and Sessions on the left, all are time-only clocks
I have had this particular Sessions clock for over a year and it stops from time to time. It likely requires a good cleaning and it is time to put it on the workbench. The case is in excellent condition and I see no need for intervention aside from cleaning with soap and water.
We’ll see what we shall find. I’ll report back in a week or two but this should be a standard servicing job and I am not expecting any surprises.
Vienna regulator weight-driven wall clocks are a type of mechanical clock that originated in Austria in the mid-19th century. These clocks are named after the city of Vienna, where they were first produced and gained popularity throughout Europe. They are known for their unique design, which features a long, slender case with a glass door that allows the pendulum and weights to be seen.
Miniature one-weight Vienna wall clock, circa 1880
Vienna regulators are often considered the pinnacle of European clockmaking artistry, and they continue to be cherished by collectors and clock enthusiasts around the world for their precision, elegance, and timeless beauty.
The Crown or topper
The simple lines of the Vienna Regulator are exemplified in this unmarked mini version found on a local online for-sale site some 5 years ago. Simplicity is exemplified in its job of performing one function – telling the time.
Weight-driven clocks with comparatively large pendulum bobs give a very visual display of the clock’s activity. In my view, it is the weight-driven ones that have greater appeal than spring-driven clocks.
Time only movement
Nothing has been done to the clock save disassembling and cleaning the movement and polishing the pendulum and brass-encased weight.
Another is a two-weight Vienna Regulator by Gustav Becker which required extensive repair and restoration.
Gustav Becker 2-weight Vienna Regulator
Vienna regulator weight-driven clocks are a testament to the precision and artistry of clock-making, showcasing the intricate mechanisms and stunning designs that make them highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.
What is truly fascinating is the accuracy of a clock that is almost 150 years old.
I am not a huge fan of gingerbread clocks which were very popular in America at the turn of the 20th century. Every major manufacturer made them and they sold like hotcakes. Thousands have survived and a quick perusal of online auction sites any day of the week will reveal dozens if not hundreds of them.
The Sessions Clock Company of America was a prominent clock manufacturer in the early 20th century, producing a wide range of clocks that included mantle, wall, and grandfather clocks. Founded in 1903 in Connecticut, the company quickly gained popularity for its combination of both traditional and modern styles. Although the company ceased production in the 1950s, Sessions clocks remain popular among collectors and clock enthusiasts. Sessions gingerbread clocks were particularly popular.
The gingerbread designs were created by using high-pressure rotary presses on oak wood that had been pre-steamed to soften it.
The Grand Assortment 8-day time and strike gingerbread clock from around 1915 was a big seller for Sessions and the model was found in many American homes of the day.
And so, we have my Sessions clock won at auction in early 2022. This clock has had a hard life of neglect.
This clock took many months to complete. I was not quite certain what to do with the case so I worked on the movement initially. I have serviced a fair number of Sessions movements over the years so servicing was fairly routine with the exception of one small issue mentioned below.
Rather than leave the case as-is I knew I knew that invasive intervention was the only option.
Auction photo
The case was completely stripped, not something I wanted to do but it was in such poor condition. For example, note the bottom right base section shown below.
The entire case was similar to this
After much rubbing, scrubbing, using a commercial nontoxic stripper, and the application of 2 coats of traditional shellac the results were better than expected.
The clock is complete, the slight darkness on the right is my shadow
I can usually resurrect a dial but this one had too much foxing as they say in the clock world. Foxing is the gradual process of rust oxidizing through the paper dial over a long period.
Sessions dial pan
Rather than source a new paper dial I decided to go with a dial from an Ingraham gingerbread parts clock and since the diameter, the center arbor and winding holes are standard it was an easy fit.
Anyone familiar with the Grand Assortment line would note that they were fitted with Roman Numerals rather than Arabic dials but I don’t think the buyer of a clock like this would see it as an issue.
Here is the clock from a slightly different angle.
Straight on shot
The Movement
I began with new bushings on the escape wheel rear plate and third and fourth wheels on the time side and finally the second wheel back plate for a total of 4 bushings on the time side.
The movement, as found, note the pendulum leader hanging off the crutch loop
There was negligible wear on the strike side.
As I noted in a previous article the center cannon is quite stiff and I was never able to eliminate the stiffness completely but the clock runs well.
Final thoughts
Stripping an antique clock case should always be considered a last resort. While it may be necessary to remove old, damaged, or unsightly finishes in some cases, stripping can irreversibly damage the wood and compromise the value of the clock. It’s important to exhaust all other options, such as repairing and restoring the existing finish before resorting to stripping.
If stripping is the only viable option, it’s crucial to approach the process carefully and with the utmost care to avoid further damage to the clock case.
And so there you have it. A case that was completely stripped, a new top coat, a newish dial added, and a movement that required minor servicing and now the clock is ready to be sold at some point in the spring after a few weeks of testing.
Antique and Vintage Mechanical Clocks 
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