The Great Clock of Westminister is in the center of London, England. However, if you mentioned that you saw the Great Clock in London you would be met with puzzled looks. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the Great Clock of Westminster and by extension the clock tower itself.
Tower clock or turret clock? We’ll get to that later.
Big Ben
Big Ben stands at the north end of the Palace of Westminster.
Big Ben clock dialmeasures 6.9 metres
While most tower clocks in the UK have been decommissioned or extensively altered, the Big Ben tower clock mechanism has been running continuously since its installation in the 19th century, only stopping temporarily for repairs.
Commemorative stone
The difference between a tower clock and a turret clock
Both terms describe clocks installed in elevated, public places though there are subtle differences in the terms. “Tower clock” is a broader term referring to the visible aspect of the clock, whereas “turret clock” specifically refers to the mechanical device driving the clock, often with historical and technical connotations. Moreover, “turret clock” is a term often used in Britain to describe a clock mechanism specifically designed to be installed in a turret or a clock tower. The term is more often used by horologists and historians to describe older, traditional clock mechanisms found in cathedrals and castles.
Big Ben fun facts:
It was the largest chiming clock in the world when completed.
The tower was designed by Augustus Pugin and was completed in 1859.
The tower is 96m tall, and from the ground to the belfry there are 334 steps.
The base measures 12 metres square and the clock dial is 6.9 metres in diameter.
In 2012 it was named The Elizabeth Tower to mark the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee.
The Westminster Chimes, originally called the Cambridge Chimes, were first used at Great St Mary’s church in Cambridge but are now associated with Big Ben.
The Great Bell weighs 13.7 tons and it does not swing.
Quarter bells chime on the quarter hours.
Big Ben is thought to be named after Sir Benjamin Hall, Chief Commissioner of Works at the time the bell was installed.
Photo by Dominika Greguu0161ovu00e1 on Pexels.com, taken from the London Eye
For the vacationer visiting the UK (count the author as one), no trip is truly complete without experiencing the iconic sight and sound of Big Ben. The majestic clock tower, offers a British experience that captivates tourists from around the world. As you stand in awe beneath its towering presence, the rhythmic toll of Big Ben’s bells marks the passage of time, creating a moment you’ll treasure.
In Part I, I explained the importance of bushing to mitigate wear on a mechanical clock movement.
In summary, bushing involves replacing worn brass around a pivot by drilling a new hole and inserting a new bushing, either using a bushing machine or hand tools. Severely worn pivots may need re-pivoting, which involves installing new pivots using a lathe. Minor wear can be managed with filing, polishing, and burnishing. Proper bushing and pivot work are crucial for maintaining clock movements, extending their lifespan, and ensuring reliable operation.
Now that we understand bushing wear, it is time to proceed with the bushing process.
The process of bushing a mechanical clock plate involves several steps to restore the worn pivot holes to their original condition. Here’s a detailed description of the process:
Disassembly: The clock movement is carefully disassembled, and the clock plates are removed to access the worn pivot holes. Resist the temptation to immerse the entire movement in a cleaning solution. Although this might offer a temporary fix, it prevents proper assessment of the pivots and pivot holes for wear.
Wood picks identify where bushings will be installed
Cleaning of all parts: While manual cleaning with a solution is satisfactory, using an ultrasonic cleaner and a solution specifically designed for such a machine, yields better results by ensuring all dirt and grime are thoroughly removed from the brass and steel parts. The cleaning process also includes thoroughly drying all the parts.
Ultrasonic cleaner by L&R
Identifying Worn Holes: Each pivot hole is inspected for wear. Worn holes are typically oval-shaped due to the pivot’s repeated movement. I use a marking pen to identify those pivot holes that require a new bushing. I generally work on one train at a time, leaving the main wheels out during this process. I reassemble all the wheels of one train between the two plates, checking for wear by turning and pushing on the wheels. This allows me to observe any lateral movement and see how the gears mesh with each other.
A marking pen identifies a worn bushing hole
Centering and Drilling: A bushing machine with a centering tool is used to precisely center the worn pivot hole.
Centering tool Centering is used to center the pivot hole
A new, round hole is then drilled into the clock plate. This hole must be accurately positioned to ensure the clock’s gears will mesh correctly.
Using a cutter to enlarge a hole in the plate
Selecting the Bushing: An appropriately sized bushing is chosen to fit the newly drilled hole. The bushing is usually made of brass and should match the original hole dimensions but is made larger than the hole to ensure a tight fit. For the Bergeon Bushing Machine, Bergeon brass bushings are used.
Pressing or punching the Bushing: The selected bushing is pressed or punched into the newly drilled hole. This can be done using a bushing machine, which ensures the bushing is inserted straight and flush with the plate. If done by hand, reamers and smoothing broaches are used to achieve a similar result. A chamfering bit, which does not come with the Bergeon Machine, is used to gently cut the edge of the bushing hole to ensure that the bushing is punched or pressed in neatly.
Positioning the bushing prior to punching the bushing home
Reaming the Bushing: Once the bushing is in place, it is reamed to the correct internal diameter to fit the pivot. Reaming is achieved by using a five-sided reaming broach sized to fit the hole. Following the reaming process, a smoothing broach is used to smooth the walls of the bushing hole. A toothpick is then used to clean the hole and remove any debris left behind by the broaches. This entire process ensures that the pivot will rotate smoothly without excessive play.
Swiss-made smoothing broaches
Polishing and Burnishing: The pivot that will run in the new bushing is polished and burnished to reduce friction and wear. A metal lathe is an indispensable tool for this procedure. This step is crucial for the longevity of the repair.
Taig lathe with 1/4 hp motor
Reassembly: The clock movement is reassembled, with the newly bushed pivot holes ensuring proper alignment and smooth operation of the gears. Clock oil is applied before the testing phase.
Testing: The reassembled clock is tested to ensure that it runs accurately and reliably. Any final adjustments are made to fine-tune the movement.
The process of bushing a mechanical clock plate involves disassembly, identification of worn bushing holes, precise centering and drilling, selection and insertion of appropriately sized bushings, followed by reaming, polishing, and burnishing of the pivot. Finally, the clock movement is reassembled and thoroughly tested to ensure accurate and reliable operation.
By following these steps, the worn pivot holes are restored, improving the clock’s performance and extending its lifespan.
Old clocks often have rich histories that reflect the technological advancements and craftsmanship of their time. Exploring these clocks provides a unique perspective on the history of timekeeping, engineering, and artistry in the UK. Many of these clocks are tied to significant historical events or figures, offering a tangible connection to the past.
The village of Castle Combe
Many old clocks, especially those in historical buildings like churches or cathedrals, are masterpieces of design and craftsmanship. These clocks often feature intricate mechanisms and beautiful decorative elements that showcase the high level of skill and artistry of their makers. Exploring these clocks allows one to appreciate the aesthetic and technical achievements of the past.
St. Andrews church
While on vacation in the UK, I discovered an old clock in the charming village of Castle Combe, nestled in the Cotswold region of England. Visiting Castle Combe feels like stepping back into the 17th century. The village is located around 8 km northwest of Chippenham. Our tiny tour bus made it into the village, dodging the ban on large coaches that flood the area with tourists.
St Andrews church spire
No new houses have been built in the historic area since about 1600. Interestingly, the village takes its name from the 12th century castle which stood about 500m to the north. The site where the castle once stood contains the old earthworks and masonry, from the 12th century. Tourists seeking a castle might find themselves sadly disappointed.
The altar area
The clock is housed within St. Andrew’s Church, which can be reached by a pathway leading from the main street. Part of the chancel is 13th-century. In 1850–51 nearly all of the building, except the 15th-century tower, was taken down and reconstructed to the same plan. The church is very active, holding services every Sunday and serving as a hub for various activities and festivals throughout the year.
Surprisingly, instead of in the clock tower which one would expect, the clock is located inside the church itself and remains operational.
The turret clock is in operational condition
The clock was converted to an anchor escapement and required the movement to be turned upside down consequently the striking train is at the bottom and the going train is at the top. This necessitated a redesign of the countwheel. The addition of the anchor escapement reflected new technology as old clocks were made more accurate and efficient.
This is one of the earliest working clocks in England and was likely installed when the tower was completed in 1500. Naturally worn parts notably the escapement have been replaced.
It is not the oldest in the UK. The turret clock at Salisbury Cathedral predates this one, dating back to 1386.
Salisbury Cathedral, photo by Phil Ledwith on Pexels.com
There is no face on the St. Andrews clock for a good reason. In those days men working in the fields need only to know the hours; the hour is struck on a large bell. In 1984 the clock was brought down from the tower and now resides within the church walls. Prior to that, a person climbed the tower every day to wind it. At the same time in 1984, an electric winding mechanism was fitted.
In Summary
Searching for old mechanical turret clocks can be intriguing for several reasons.
For those interested in mechanics and clockwork, studying old turret clocks provides opportunities to understand their intricate mechanisms and how they were constructed and operated in different eras. These clocks offer insights into the technological advancements of their time periods and their roles in communities.
Most importantly, many turret clocks have fascinating stories and legends associated with them, adding to their allure and making the search for them even more compelling.
Is your mechanical clock experiencing issues such as intermittent stopping or simply not running at all? This might be due to several issues with the movement, one of which could be pivot wear.
This is a two-part series. In Part I, I will explain why it is necessary to bush a clock movement, and in Part II, I will describe my method for bushing.
What are pivots?
Pivots are the ends of the axles, known as “arbours” in horology, that rotate in small holes drilled into the clock plates as the clock runs. They are the turned-down ends of the arbour. These, along with the holes they rotate in, can wear down over time causing enlarged holes that will contribute to poor running or stopping. The pivot hole must be perfectly round, and the pivots need a mirror-like polish to minimize friction within the train of gears. To protect the surfaces and reduce friction, approved clock oil acts as a barrier between the pivot and the pivot hole.
Worn pivots or pivot holes can cause the wheel to drift away from the pinion, eventually stopping the clock as the gears fail to mesh properly. Clocks in need of bushings may run erratically or stop altogether.
A very worn pivot hole
Oiling a dirty or worn movement
If a clock movement isn’t routinely serviced (cleaned and oiled), the plates of the movement will experience wear at the pivot points. Applying new oil over old oil can free abrasive dirt and provide a temporary solution but accelerate wear on the steel pivot and brass bushing holes because the contaminated oil acts like a grinding paste.
Worn pivots are often found in clocks repeatedly oiled without proper cleaning. Proper servicing requires disassembling the movement, cleaning the parts, addressing wear issues, reassembling, and testing.
Punch marks
From time to time, there is evidence of punch marks located around the pivot hole which is an attempt to close worn pivot holes. While a common practice in the past, this is no longer considered an acceptable repair practice.
A pivot– in this photo, the pivot is slightly bentPunch marks on a movement
Pivots need periodic cleaning and polishing to turn freely in the clock movement plate hole. Worn pivot holes are easy to identify as they appear oval-shaped rather than round.
Bushing wear – the left portion of the hole is elongated
What is bushing?
“Bushing” is the process of replacing worn brass around the pivot so that the hole is round again. A new hole is drilled into the plate, and a new, appropriately sized bushing is pressed into place using a bushing machine like the Bergeon Bushing Machine.
Bergeon Bushing Machine
Some clockmakers prefer to hand-bush using reamers and smoothing broaches, producing satisfactory results, though a machine simplifies the task and is more accurate.
Severely worn steel pivots must be replaced with new ones, a process called re-pivoting. This involves using a watch or clock lathe to drill into the end of the wheel arbor to install a new pivot made from pivot wire.
Minor wear is expected over a clock’s life and can be managed with careful filing, polishing, and burnishing.
In summary, bushing is an integral part of movement servicing. Well-maintained clocks may show minimal wear and may not require new bushings, while others, due to neglect or improper servicing, may require many bushings.
Proper pivot and bushing work can extend a clock movement’s lifespan, ensuring reliable operation for years.
In Part II of this two-part series, I will describe my method for bushing a clock movement
My wife and I recently returned from a three-week vacation in the UK. Although the trip wasn’t specifically focused on clock museums and similar attractions, I still managed to gather a significant amount of information/photos about clocks.
Big Ben, perhaps the most famous tower clock in the world
Unfortunately, during our visit, a family member passed away, and I couldn’t keep up with my regular blog posts. I plan to catch up on those in the coming weeks.
An impressive display of clocks at the Science Museum in London
In the meantime, I plan to catch up on the emails that have accumulated during my absence and to add many more blog articles about my travels. Please be patient, and I will respond as soon as possible.
Tick-Talk Tuesday is a special time when I respond to readers’ letters and comments about clock issues, challenges, and recommendations for specific clocks. When the comments and questions are especially complex, I consult with fellow clock enthusiasts within my circle to ensure I offer the most precise and helpful answers possible.
Clock-maker’s shopfrom days gone by
BC writes:
I stumbled across your blog in a search for reputable clock repair in Nova Scotia. A lifetime clock lover, I am fascinated by your posts, and I will most certainly be following along (and perusing older posts!).
I am hoping to have a much-loved, but very old family clocks repaired. I went to the NAWCC website as advised on your blog, but wasn’t able to find any businesses in Canada. You did, however, mention that you knew of two reputable clock repair shops in the province. I was wondering if you would be willing to share with me who they are so that I could be in touch with them about my clocks?
My response:
Hi and thanks for your email, BC. There are two reputable clock repair specialists in Nova Scotia. The first is located in Halifax and the second is in Bridgetown, Nova Scotia not to be confused with Bridgewater which is on the Atlantic side. I have had personal dealings with both, and they are both very capable. Expect your clock to be with them for several weeks if not months.
Clock repair service can be expensive, and you may find the cost of repair to be more than your clock is worth, however, sentimental value always trumps a repair cost.
Thank you very much for your reply! I really appreciate it.
My clocks, from my grandparents’ families, hold much sentimental value and have both been in the family since the 1800s, and so I hope to be able to budget for the repairs, but I also imagine that the gut strings on the long case grandfather clock, and likely somewhat haphazard repairs to the hall clock after damage from a break-in in the 70s will add to the challenge! On the plus side, they have both worked during my lifetime, so I will hold out hope!
I will check in with both shops to see what they suggest. Thank you again for the speedy reply!
Retirement certainly offers its perks. In the coming weeks, I plan to delve into some of my clock-related adventures, which will involve traveling to the UK. I’ve always been captivated by the world around us, and I’m excited to explore as much as I can during this journey.
Unwanted or unloved long-case clocks in an antique shop
I believe travel can expand one’s outlook on life. I’ve always been intrigued by how others live and the places they call home. Travel has the power to expand one’s perspective because it exposes us to new cultures, ideas, and ways of life. Experiencing different environments and observing how others live can lead to a deeper understanding of the world and challenge our own assumptions and beliefs. It broadens our horizons and allows us to appreciate the diversity and richness of human experience.
The author is assisting with clock-winding duties at an old country inn
Britain holds great importance in horology, and I look forward to viewing clocks in museums and other places of interest. Britain also holds personal significance for me because my roots trace back there.
My upcoming trip to the UK offers a chance to explore not only my passion for horology but also my own heritage. I am excited to delve into the country’s rich history and culture while reconnecting with my roots.
The journey promises to be enriching and fulfilling, and I look forward to gaining a deeper understanding of horology. Stay tuned for more adventures ahead!
Tick-Talk Tuesday is a special time when I respond to readers’ letters and comments about clock issues, challenges, and recommendations for specific clocks. When the comments and questions are especially complex, I consult with fellow clock enthusiasts within my circle to ensure I offer the most precise and helpful answers possible.
GF writes:
I inherited a custom-made Forestville Electric Wall Clock from my father. He owned a restaurant business on Manitoulin Island for 55 years. (Editors note: Manitoulin Island is an island in Lake Huron, located within the borders of the Canadian province of Ontario). When he decided to sell the restaurant he gave me this Clock that had been in the restaurant for 30+ years. He knew I had always loved that clock and one day hoped it would be mine.
How he attained it was given to him by a friend who closed a men’s clothing store in the same town. After the closure of that store, my father proudly hung it in the dining lounge of the restaurant for many years until the closure.
I am now in my 60s and have a member of the family who gave it to my father interested in buying it from me. I don’t know what price to tell him. It still lights up and movements work very smoothly and keeps good time. The cord was replaced about 25 years ago and very minimal rust on it.
I am attaching a few photos of it and would like to know if you would be kind enough to provide a dollar value of what it might be worth.
My response:
Hi GF and thanks for your email. There was a time when clocks such as yours were plentiful and not worth a great deal but there seems to have been a resurgence of interest lately in electric clocks of this era, especially advertising clocks.
Many of these clocks would be valued in the $300 to $500 range. Your clock appears to be in especially good condition. The maker or more correctly, the distributor of your clock is the Forestville Clock Company of Toronto. Your clock appears to have been made in the 1960s shortly before Forestville ceased production.
We enjoyed a week-long stay at a resort in the Cayo Coco region of Cuba, where the accommodations were fantastic and catered to all our needs. The goal was to unwind after spending the winter teaching at our local community college campus in rural Nova Scotia. There wasn’t a clock in sight, which was just as we expected.
After a day or so we began to realize the absence of clocks started to shift our routines. At home we have breakfast early, lunch around noon, and dinner at 7 pm. But during our stay, we began to enjoy breakfast in the late morning, lunch in the mid-afternoon, and dinner between 8 and 9 pm.
While the resort offered Wi-Fi that was accessible from nearly every spot on the premises, we preferred to leave our phones in the room. Instead, we let our mood and appetite lead us through each day.
There is no doubt clocks plays a significant role in structuring our daily routines by providing a sense of time and establishing a schedule for various activities. Clocks help us manage our time by allowing us to plan and allocate time for different tasks and responsibilities throughout the day. A clock helps us create daily routines, such as set times for waking up, eating meals, and going to bed. This can contribute to a sense of stability and consistency in our lives.
While clocks help us organize and manage our lives, stepping away from them occasionally can offer a sense of freedom and relaxation from the pressures of a scheduled and regulated routine.
Resorts and spas aren’t the only places where clocks are uncommon. Religious spaces such as churches, temples, monasteries, and meditation centers often refrain from displaying clocks to promote spiritual practice and mindfulness without distractions. Similarly, art galleries and installations may omit clocks to keep the emphasis on art and creativity rather than the passing of time. In darkened settings like theaters and cinemas, clocks are absent to maintain focus on the performance or film. In minimalist homes, clocks may be left out to cultivate a serene and uncluttered atmosphere.
While clocks are a staple in many environments, all of the places mentioned above aim to foster a sense of presence and focus that can be disrupted by the constant awareness of time.
Now that we’re back home, our familiar habits quickly returned. The break was undeniably beneficial for us. It allowed us to step away from the usual hustle and bustle, providing a much-needed reset. Being free from the constraints of the clock gave us a chance to reconnect with our own rhythms and truly unwind.
While many might not initially favour the idea of having a ticking mechanical clock in their bedrooms, its presence can actually offer significant benefits. Let me elaborate on why. Before I go further let me say I understand that some individuals may find the ticking sound disruptive to their sleep.
The therapeutic value of having a ticking sound in the bedroom to aid with sleep can vary from person to person. Some individuals find rhythmic sounds like ticking soothing and conducive to relaxation, helping them fall asleep faster. However, others may find it distracting or even irritating, disrupting their sleep. Overall, it largely depends on personal preference and individual sensitivity to sounds during sleep. Nevertheless, for some individuals, opting to tune into off-station frequencies or running a fan for background noise is their preferred method, whereas our method of choice is the mechanical clock.
Banjo clock hung in the bedroom
In my opinion, having a ticking mechanical clock in a bedroom can be advantageous. Although I have zero evidence to back my claim, it seems beneficial to introduce a rhythmic sound into a room to enhance sleep.
A number of years ago we found a Sessions Lexington banjo clock in an antique store in one of the New England states(USA). Before you conjure images of an expensive banjo clock crafted in Boston or elsewhere, let me clarify that this clock is likely one of the cheapest banjo clocks ever produced. It was made in the late 1920s, and many were sold to those who could not afford the more desirable weight-driven banjo clock, like the one in the next photo.
Sawin banjo clock Ca. 1830
The Lexington may not even keep accurate time, but it excels in its primary function: providing background noise.
The modest Lexington banjo clock CA. 1927
If you are accustomed to American clocks you will note that they are loud tickers unlike finely crafted French and German clocks that are almost silent in operation. The loud ticking however is an advantage. The loud rhythmic ticking sound acts as white noise, helping some people fall asleep faster and masking other background noises.
A mass produced time-only Sessions movement(top plate removed)
The Lexington is a time-only spring-driven clock that runs about 100 or so beats per minute. Although it may beat too fast for some, we’ve grown accustomed to it. In my belief, a slower beat is preferable, with 80 beats per minute being an acceptable compromise.
For those accustomed to it, the ticking becomes a comforting part of their bedtime routine. Using a mechanical clock reduces reliance on digital devices, potentially improving sleep quality by reducing screen time. When it comes to digital devices, it’s best to avoid bringing a cell phone into your bedroom. Learn to disconnect from the digital world. The digital world couldn’t care less about your need to get a good night’s sleep. If you need an alarm, consider investing in a high-quality radio alarm clock instead.
Sangean table radiowith alarm function
And lastly, the classic design of mechanical clocks adds aesthetic appeal to the bedroom, and their reliability ensures consistent timekeeping, even during power outages or when batteries die.
The newest addition to my collection of Pequegant clocks is the Jewel. That marks a total of nine Pequegnat clocks in my modest collection. I was not actively seeking a new clock. In fact, I haven’t purchased one in months, and mantel clocks weren’t even on my radar.
Arthur Pequegnat Simcoe, note the legs and side details
I bought the Simcoe (above) in 2018 from a shop in Victoria, British Columbia (Canada) and I think, at the time, I paid close to $200 for it. I located the Jewel in an antique shop about 20 minutes from where I live. I recognized it almost instantly, even though it was placed on a shelf nearly out of my reach.
The Jewel’s price was significantly lower so, why pass it up?
Was the seller confused about the maker?
The two clocks boast strikingly similar case designs. In fact, the dimensions of the quarter-sawn oak case are identical, although the Simcoe model is slightly taller due to its corner feet and wider due to the addition of lion-head handles on each side. Both contain the same 8-day time and strike movement.
Made in Canada before 1916, this clock has an 8-day, spring-driven time and strike movement with signature Pequegnat nickel-plated plates. Initially, I thought there might be brass bushing inserts on steel plates. However, upon passing a magnet over the plates, I discovered that the plating was not on steel but on brass. Plating over brass may not be the most practical solution, but aesthetically, it offers a pleasing appearance.
Although the movement bears the stamp “The Arthur Pequenat Clock Co., Berlin, Canada” there is no maker’s name typically found on the lower section of the dial face, a peculiarity I’ll delve into shortly.
Simcoe dial with cracked and lifting paint
Both “Berlin” Simcoe and Jewel models feature pie-crust dials, setting them apart from later clocks with plain brass bezels.
Why are they called “Berlin” clocks? In 1916, the town of Berlin, Ontario faced considerable backlash due to the ongoing war in Europe, with its name being associated with the enemy of the time. These wartime tensions prompted the town to undergo a name change to Kitchener, Ontario. While Pequegant clocks lack a specific date stamp, the town’s name change serves as a useful reference point for dating these clocks. The company had a relatively short lifespan, being founded in 1903 and ceasing production in 1941.
Jewel movement
The case is in excellent condition but I was drawn to the dial immediately. Something is certainly amiss. At first, I suspected the dial had been replaced, but upon closer examination, I realized that a previous owner had scraped off the paint from the dial, leaving the numbers intact. It’s not unexpected. With time, the paint on these dials tends to degrade, and it’s likely that it had deteriorated to such an extent that the decision was made to remove it altogether.
Should I overlook this issue and simply accept it as is, or address it by repainting the dial?
Paint scraped from the dial
The most interesting aspect of this clock is the price. Although antique clock prices have been depressed in the last several years, Canadian-made Pequegnat clocks seem to hold their value quite well. A quick perusal of auction sites reveals that realized prices for the Jewel hover between $100 and $250 with the Berlin-made clocks commanding a higher price.
While the movement, unfortunately, does not run, based on my experience with other Pequegnat clocks in my collection, I suspect it may be gummed up with dirt and could potentially require a bushing or two to have it run as it should.
A worthwhile acquisition at an excellent price point.
Eight years ago I came across an intriguing find not far from where I reside—an antique Ansonia octagonal short drop, commonly referred to as a schoolhouse clock. While I estimate its manufacturing date to be around the turn of the 20th century, pinpointing the exact year eluded me.
Ansonia Schoolhouse Clock
The movement bears the stamped number “12,” which could denote the year “1912” or possibly the month of a particular year. Additionally, the letters “TT” are inscribed on the movement. 1912 would sound just about right.
Although not my only Ansonia clock I encounter the Ansonia name less frequently compared to other American clock manufacturers.
Ansonia Clock Co., Made in the U.S.A.
To retreive the clock, my wife and I travelled to the small town of Berwick, nestled in the Annapolis Valley region of Nova Scotia. Berwick is best known as the centre of the province’s apple industry. We set out for a day trip eager to soak in the local scenery and make various stops at roadside stands/gardens along the way, fully aware that the clock we were about to acquire would come with no surprises. Well, it was not perfect!
The gentleman from whom I purchased the clock shared that it had been in his family for over 50 years, yet he had never seen it run. He parted with it during the estate liquidation process following his mother’s passing, as it held sentimental value for her but evidently not for him.
The number 12 and TT stamped on the movement
It originated from a schoolhouse in Ontario, Canada, although the specific location eluded the seller. Despite minor issues, such as paint applied around the minute/hour pipe to conceal stains from years of handling, the softwood case remains in very good condition.
However, it was missing a bushing for the hour hand, an easy fix. Remarkably, I discovered remnants of rotted elastic banding on the pendulum rod just below the suspension spring, though its purpose remains a mystery to me.
Nevertheless, following several adjustments, including bending the crutch to ensure proper alignment, the clock functioned but a servicing was necessary. I found the need for 3 new bushings in the spring-driven time-only movement. While the wear wasn’t severe, it warranted attention. A new hour and minute hand, sourced from a supplier completed the servicing.
The most worn bushing hole, highlighted to illustrate the wear
The Ansonia Clock Company’s storied history adds an intriguing layer to this find. Unfortunately, the company, formed in 1851, had a long history of supplying clocks to the masses but its demise prior to the 1929 stock market crash serves as a poignant reminder of shifting economic tides.
The clock is now gone but to a good home. Approximately three years ago, when my daughter was setting up an office in her new home, she expressed interest in acquiring the clock, which she considered the perfect decoration for her new workspace. “Certainly,” I replied, and now it proudly occupies a prominent spot in her office.
Every blogger understands that building a successful blog takes time, often requiring months or even years to cultivate a loyal following. Challenges, patience, determination, and hard work eventually lead to finding a successful rhythm.
The author at work
With over 825,000 page views since 2015, and an average of 24,000 monthly views, I recently reviewed my blog’s statistics to identify the top 10 most popular posts of all time. Most entries on the list align with my expectations, catering to visitors seeking basic advice on clock acquisition, winding keys, or determining the value of their clocks. However, some are more unexpected.
More importantly, analyzing the top articles reveals that the majority of visitors to my blog are either newcomers to clock collecting or repair, recent owners of antique clocks seeking information, individuals with some knowledge looking to expand their expertise, or enthusiasts deeply engaged in the clock repair hobby seeking additional insights.
My office, and where I compose my twice-weekly articles
Experts in the field may seek information elsewhere, which aligns with my blog’s intended audience. My blog was never aimed at those operating clock repair businesses, involved in the antique clock market, or pursuing extensive restoration projects, but I provide a way for those dabbling into antique clocks for the first time or those seeking answers to common questions all in one easy-to-navigate place.
While explaining any process on paper serves its purpose, nothing quite replaces the effectiveness of a sequence of detailed still images that, in essence, tell a story. As the saying goes, “A picture is worth a thousand words.”
A shot of punch marks around a mainspring barrelarbour
First, what is macro photography?
Macro photography is a specialized form of photography that focuses on capturing extreme close-up images of small subjects, revealing intricate details that might not be visible to the naked eye. It typically involves using specific macro lenses to achieve high levels of magnification, allowing photographers to capture subjects at a 1:1 ratio or greater. Careful attention to lighting, focus, and depth of field will achieve the best results.
For best results, I recommend a dedicated camera paired with a quality macro lens. While cell phones can capture impressive images, they are a compromise since they often struggle with foreground-background isolation and fail to deliver clear macro shots. For shots that necessitate a low shutter speed, maintaining absolute stillness is crucial, making a tripod an essential accessory.
For me, photography seamlessly integrates into my various hobbies, so, taking pictures of clocks, movements, parts, and so on is a natural extension of my photography hobby. It goes without saying that having a reliable camera is indispensable for clock repair.
A brass bushing awaits punching into a clock plate
My preferred camera/lens/tripod combination
I own several cameras by Panasonic, Fuji, and Olympus. Although the former two are great cameras and have their uses, an Olympus E-330 camera manufactured in 2006 remains my preferred choice for macro photography.
Olympus E330 with 50mm F2 macro lenson a Manfrotto ball head tripod
With its 7.5 megapixels, the Olympus E-330 interchangeable lens camera boasts ample resolution for my needs, especially when downsizing files for blog posts, ensuring detailed yet compact images—ideal for conserving server space on a blog platform.
An improvised click spring
No camera will perform well without a good lens. Paired with an Olympus 50mm F2 macro lens, it excels in capturing those extremely close clock shots and enables me to isolate my subject while maintaining a pleasing background blur.
Polishing a pivot
While artificial lighting is occasionally necessary, I predominantly rely on the natural light streaming in from a west-facing window in my workspace. When artificial illumination is necessary, I turn to a continuous studio light (with colour temperature adjustment), using the on-camera flash for rare occasions.
While the camera uses an older CF memory card, I can still procure these cards and even aftermarket BLM-1 replacement batteries. The camera will run until it fails and that day looks far off though perhaps it’s already telling me something. The memory card door clasp broke recently, so I must now keep the door closed with velcro tape otherwise I get an on-screen error message.
A distinctive feature of the E330 is its live view switch allowing the transition from automatic to manual focus mode through this switch, securely locking focus on extremely close subjects.
Live view A/B switch for manual and auto-focus
A tripod such as the Manfrotto 785B Compact is necessary for macro photography because it helps to stabilize the camera, ensuring sharp and clear images, especially when using slow shutter speeds or working with extremely close subjects where even the slightest movement can result in blur.
With any repair task, I meticulously capture dozens of photos from various angles. These images serve as invaluable references, particularly when encountering challenges during reassembly or when puzzled about the positioning of specific components like wheels, levers, washers, or springs. Furthermore, I diligently organize and catalog these photos for easy retrieval, years later, if necessary.
An arrow points to a kink in a movement hairspring
My advice is straightforward: Invest in a quality new or used camera equipped with a dedicated macro lens for clock repair. You don’t have to spend thousands; any older camera of good quality will suffice, although finding a compatible macro lens may be the biggest challenge. It should be capable enough to deliver satisfactory results. I was searching eBay today and found an E330 with 50 mm macro lens well under $450. Add about $100 or so for a decent tripod, $30 for a CF card and a CF card reader and you have everything you need for macro photography.
A very worn pivot on a Gilbert movement
Trust me, you’ll appreciate the benefits it brings to your craft.
My collection boasts more than 90 clocks, with 51 on display throughout my home, 6 at our summer cottage, and 19 running non-stop. The majority of my 90 clocks are operational, although I periodically switch out some of them to maintain the 19 that run continuously.
One clock remains in its place in an upper hallway. One might assume that the clock is the priciest, rarest, most intricately designed, or possesses highly unique features. However, it’s quite the opposite—it is very plain, unremarkable in appearance, and a clock that some would consider unworthy of repair. Opinions may differ but I leave it up to you, the reader.
It is a circa 1895 Ansonia Extra Drop wall clock made by the Ansonia Brass and Copper Co. but is missing two essential features, the brass bezel for the clock dial and the lower access door (more on the door later). Otherwise, the clock came with most of its parts.
This clock has seemingly journeyed through life with its smile turned upside down. It’s a genuine barn discovery, and one can only speculate about the years it had spent scattered in pieces gathering dust and rust without knowing that it would be resurrected one day.
I brought the clock home wondering what to do
After bringing the clock home, I found myself considering its future. At first, I debated whether to salvage the movement, the veneer, the finials, or the frame, or simply discard the clock altogether since its cost was negligible.
Then it dawned on me that despite missing some components, the clock could be revived. The idea of the clock languishing unused and neglected evoked feelings of sympathy, which I admit is a strange feeling for an inanimate object. In our throw-away world today perhaps the value in reviving and cherishing something that had been forgotten or overlooked, restoring its purpose and significance, led me to appreciate it even more.
Eight years ago, I was enthusiastic and eager to acquire clocks to work on them, and given my beginner status in movement servicing and case repair, I entertained the idea of using it as a learning platform for restoration. Repairing a broken clock always provides a valuable learning experience, allowing one to develop new skills in mechanics, craftsmanship, and problem-solving, which can be applied to future projects.
Let’s go through the steps I followed for this project.
The Movement
The time-only movement was encrusted with rust, presenting a significant challenge to restore it to working order. I spent considerable time scrubbing, cleaning, and meticulously sanding away the rust from the pivots and other steel parts.
The movement was seized and coated in rust
While I initially considered replacing a severely rusted mainspring, upon closer inspection, I realized that much of the rust was superficial, leading me to reconsider the need for replacement.
On the test stand
Eventually, my efforts paid off, and I succeeded in getting the movement to run smoothly once again.
The case
Next, attention turned to the case. While a significant portion of the original label remained intact on the backboard, a section had broken off and was lost forever.
Ansonia backboard with partial labeland glued piece
To remedy this, I found a suitable backboard piece from an old ogee clock cut a piece to fit, and glued it in place. The backboard is attached to the clock case in the photo below.
The clock came without an access door
The case was also missing its access door, and rather than leaving the clock without one, I built a door frame using pieces of softwood. I then applied salvaged veneer from another project, gluing it onto the frame. Shaping old veneer over doweling is a challenging task, but I did my utmost to accomplish it as well as I could.
Not a perfect veneer job but good practice nonetheless
The rest of the case repair involved bringing the pieces together with glue and then applying traditional shellac to enhance the intricate, fine-grained characteristics of the rosewood veneer. To complete the project the dial required some paint touchups and suitable hands were sourced from a clock parts supplier.
Ansonia Extra Drop wall clock
While not the most aesthetically pleasing clock by any measure, it symbolizes the trials of restoring a seemingly hopeless clock, transforming it into a functional piece that serves its purpose reliably every day.
However, its greatest achievement lies in offering me a valuable learning platform that I can apply to future projects. Every time I pass by the clock It reminds me not only of the work I put into the clock but moreover, that not all is lost and that certain things are indeed worth preserving.
As I opened the package from the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (NAWCC) and found the enclosed lapel pin it dawned on me that I’d been a member of the organization for a whole decade.
Letter from NAWCC
Being a member of NAWCC has proven to be an excellent choice for me, and I believe other enthusiasts of watches and clocks would also benefit greatly from joining. Here are some reasons why.
By joining NAWCC, or any clock and watch association/club for that matter, you become part of a vibrant community of like-minded individuals who share your passion for watches and clocks. Networking with fellow collectors can provide valuable insights and advice. The organization often hosts events, meetings, and conventions where you can connect with others who share your interests.
A museum collection of mantel clocks
NAWCC offers a wealth of educational resources for members. This includes access to publications, online forums, workshops, and seminars covering various aspects of horology, from history to repair and maintenance techniques. Whether you’re a novice or a seasoned collector, there’s always something new to learn, and NAWCC provides the resources to expand your knowledge and skills.
In fact, nearly every day, I receive mail and sometimes the questions initially stump me, prompting me to delve into specific areas using the resources only available to NAWCC members and I usually gather enough information for an informed reply.
While joining the NAWCC is complimentary, and participation on the message board or forum is also free, members can tap into further advantages, including monthly newsletters/bulletins and research resources, through an annual subscription fee.
Within NAWCC, one has access to a network of experts and professionals in the field of horology. Whether you need advice on authenticating an antique clock or watch, restoring a family treasure, or understanding the intricacies of a specific movement, you can tap into the collective expertise of the organization’s members through the Forum site.
NAWCC forum site, registration is free
Many organizations like NAWCC partner with suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers in the horology industry to offer exclusive discounts and special offers to their members. These discounts may apply to purchases of watches, clocks, tools, books, and other related products and services. By joining NAWCC, you can take advantage of these benefits to save money on your collecting pursuits.
NAWCC sponsored clock mart, clocks and watches for sale plus access to suppliers
NAWCC plays a vital role in documenting, conserving, and sharing knowledge about the history, and craftsmanship of clocks and watches. NAWCC helps ensure that future generations continue to appreciate and understand the cultural and technological importance of watches and clocks.
NAWCC museum, Columbia Penn.
It might sound like a commercial promotion for NAWCC but for me, NAWCC offers not only personal benefits in terms of community, education, and resources but also contributes to the broader mission of preserving and celebrating the art and science of horology.
Clock movements often require bushing for several reasons. Over time, the original brass bushings can wear out due to friction and other factors. When this occurs, the holes in the clock plates become enlarged and misshapen, resulting in a poor fit between the components that interact with each other. This wear and tear can lead to excessive play in the gears, causing the clock to run erratically or not at all.
Close-up of a worn bushing hole
Bushing involves inserting new brass bushings into the worn-out holes of the clock plates. These bushings provide a precise and snug fit for the pivots, ensuring the gears move smoothly. Bushing prolongs a clock’s lifespan and maintains its accuracy over time.
Bergeon Bushing Machine
This proactive approach to maintenance can help preserve the integrity of the clock movement and prevent more costly repairs in the future.
Cutting into a plate with aBergeon bushing machine
The smoothing broach– what it does and how it’s used
When bushing an antique clock movement, the bushing machine, such as the Bergeon 6200 bushing machine, enlarges the pivot holes using a cutter. This cutter is responsible for creating a hole large enough to accommodate a bushing of the appropriate size, which is then pressed or punched into the clock plate.
When choosing a bushing It is advisable to select a bushing that has a slightly smaller inside diameter for optimal performance. Once the bushing is installed, a cutting broach is employed to enlarge the hole just enough to ensure the smooth movement of the pivot.
Punching or pushing a bushing into the plate
A cutting broach typically resembles a slender, tapered metal rod with flutes or grooves along its length and is usually 5 sided. It is designed to remove material as it is rotated within a hole. The removal of the material enlarges the hole. The size of the cutting broach corresponds to the desired diameter of the hole being created or enlarged.
cutting and smoothing broaches
The final step is the smoothing process.
Smoothing broaches offer several advantages. Firstly, these broaches are designed to finish the holes in the clock plates, ensuring proper fitment of the bushings.
Smoothing broaches help to remove any remaining burrs, irregularities, or minor debris from the interior of the bushing holes, promoting the smoother operation of the gears and other components. This contributes to the overall performance and longevity of the clock.
Swiss-made smoothing broaches
Needless to say, smoothing broaches are specifically designed for clockmaking purposes, meaning they are engineered to withstand the demands of the job and provide consistent results when used time and time again. This reliability is essential when working on valuable and delicate antique timepieces. Investing in high-quality smoothing broaches is advisable to ensure the best results, particularly when working on valuable and delicate antique movements.
Smoothing broaches are available in various sizes, so it’s crucial to select the one that matches the inside diameter of the new bushing. Once the cutting broach has completed its task of creating a hole of the correct size, the smoothing broach takes over as a finishing tool. Carefully twist or rotate the smoothing broach while gently cleaning the hole, inserting it from the inside of the plate and then the outside to ensure the hole is cleaned thoroughly and evenly. After the broaching process, the last step in preparing the new bushing hole for the pivot involves cleaning the inside of the hole with a toothpick to eliminate any minute debris left from the smoothing process.
Overall, the use of smoothing broaches when bushing an antique clock movement ensures proper fitment, smooth operation, precision, and reliability, all of which are crucial for preserving the integrity and functionality of a clock movement.
Proper clock servicing requires a comprehensive arsenal of equipment, with smoothing broaches being just one essential component.
This article traces the historical journey of a significant German clock manufacturer, ultimately absorbed by the Junghans Clock and Watch Company in the late 1920s. After providing a brief overview of its history, the article will delve into the specifics of the clock movement that is next on my workbench.
Among clock collectors and admirers, the Hamburg American Clock Company is a well-known German company. It is otherwise known as Hamburg Amerikanische Uhrenfabrik or HAU and in many parts of the world, it is simply known as HAC or HAU.
The company was formed in Germany in 1873 by Paul Landenberger and Phillipp Lang. Originally called Landenberger and Lang, it became the Hamburg Amerikanische Uhrenfabrik in 1891. The company was very active from 1885 onward, became a cooperative in the mid-1920s, and eventually merged with Junghans, one of the world’s largest clock companies, in 1930.
HAC 14 day time and strike, a relative’s clock
Original investors insisted that “American” be in the company name but “American” also refers to the manufacturing system adopted from America. The name of the company adds confusion to the novice repair person who might assume that what they are working on is an American-made clock.
HAC trademark
HAU adopted the cross arrows as their trademark in 1892, and it became synonymous with the brand.
In 1925, a few years before its merger with Junghans, the company had a workforce of 2,200 individuals. Junghans remains a successful and thriving company today, specializing in the production of high-end wristwatches.
Before I embark on servicing a clock from my collection, I make an effort to gather information about the clock’s history. If details about the clock prove elusive, my fallback is to delve into the broader history of the company behind it.
Two Hamburg Amerikanische Uhrenfabrik clocks
The two HAC clocks in my collection are mantel or shelf clocks.
HAC mantel clock
The clock pictured above was acquired several years ago.
HAC clock movement, with solid backplate
It has an earlier version of a HAC production movement because of the solid front and backplates. It is quite possible that this clock was made in or around 1900 or a little later.
HAC clock movement with solid front plate
Now, turning our attention to the second HAC clock in my collection, the one I will be working on next. The clock was acquired about two years ago from a clock collector in Ottawa, Ontario. The previous owner knew nothing about the clock but a plaque on the clock case gives a glimpse into the clock’s history.
This clock is a later production model because of the construction of the plates which I will explain further.
HAC clock number #2, model unknown, with a dedication plaque
While the wheel positions, levers, and movement size remain identical, there exists a noticeable difference between the two clock movements as can be seen by the solid front and back plates on the first clock movement and the various cutouts in the front and the back of the second movement.
Open plate, a later production movement
The use of open plates typically indicates a cost-saving decision made by the company. This choice is often driven by the aim to reduce manufacturing expenses by minimizing the amount of brass used in a movement.
HAC #2 movement
Aside from the four brass mounting straps and the slight difference in the positioning of one “V” shaped lever springs, HAC movement #2 has all the characteristics of the #36 movement pictured below.
No. 36 HAC time and strike clock movement
The story of two clocks made at different times in the company’s history is both captivating and compelling.
And finally, who is The Rev. J.H. Cox? A search online reveals nothing at this point.
Plaque mounted to the clock case
Before concluding that the clock was manufactured in 1926, it’s important to note that relying solely on plaques for dating may not always be accurate. The clock might have spent time on a retailer’s shelf, or it could have been acquired second-hand, introducing questions as to its actual production date. However, there is a 5,25 number on the upper left of the back plate which might be a date code. HAC was known to have begun dating their movements in the 1920s.
Now, on to servicing the clock movement the details of which will be covered in a forthcoming post.
Among clock collectors and admirers, the Hamburg American Clock Company is a well-known German company. It is otherwise known as Hamburg Amerikanische Uhrenfabrik or HAU and in many parts of the world, it is simply known as HAC.
In this post, I will outline the procedures involved in servicing the movement of a HAC mantel clock produced circa 1925. It’s worth noting that HAC crafted clocks for international markets, and in the case of this particular clock, it spent a period in England after its initial manufacturing.
Time and strike mantel clock made by the Hamburg American Clock Co. known as HAC or HAU
Disassembling the movement
After removing the clock hands and releasing the six screws that attach the movement to the front dial board the movement can be maneuvered carefully around the bronze rod gong without having to remove the gong itself.
Front of type 36 HAC movement
Once out of its case, the first step is to remove the suspension spring and pendulum leader. A taper pin secures the spring onto the suspension post.
Next, safely let down the mainsprings using a letdown tool. On this movement, and I have not seen it elsewhere, there is a small pin on each rachet. Once the letdown tool is placed in the arbour, it is a simple matter of pushing the pin on the click with a small screwdriver and allowing the rachet to run freely, under control, of course.
The pin is indicated by an arrow
At this point, the two exterior wheels, both rachets with their retainers and the click springs can be removed as well as the “V” shaped stop lever.
On the front of the movement, two screws hold the pallet arbour plate, and with it comes the crutch. Note the position of the small pallet arbour plate for future reference. This is also a good time to remove the hammer from its arbour but the plates can be separated with the hammer still attached.
At this stage release the 4 nuts holding the movement and the back plate can be removed. There are two springs which look like stiff wire, one is for the count lever and the other for the hammer. Do not break these springs and be careful handling the plate once it is separated. The wire springs can be repaired if they break but it adds more work to servicing.
Plate is removed
Once the plate is lifted from the movement, the wheels and levers can be removed. Strike and time side wheels are then separated into containers. I like working from the top down and carefully removing each wheel one at a time. The centre cannon is the last wheel to be removed. The half-hour cam, a star wheel with two points, is on a tube which can be pulled off the arbour and the centre wheel easily lifts out. Once the centre cannon is removed the mainspring barrels can be extracted and put aside for servicing.
Assessing wear
Identifying whether a movement has undergone previous work can be challenging, but scratch marks around pivot holes typically suggest past work. An unmistakable sign of prior servicing is the presence of punch marks, as observed around the mainspring barrel on the time side. The aggressive punching suggests that the arbour hole was enlarged considerably. However, the arbour’s fit through the barrel appears sufficiently tight, indicating no immediate concern.
Time-side mainspring barrel showing punch marks
While it’s not approved today, punching pivot holes was a common practice in the past.
The movement is relatively clean but over-oiled the result of simply lubricating the clock over the years without actually checking to see if it required new oil.
There are very few issues with the movement with a potential need for two new bushings on the strike side and just one on the time side.
Cleaning the movement parts
Cleaning a clock movement’s parts is a fundamental step in the maintenance and restoration process. It not only improves the immediate performance of the clock but also contributes to its long-term durability and accuracy.
Cleaning a mechanical movement’s parts before reassembling a clock movement is crucial for several reasons, to remove dirt and debris, prevent wear and damage, optimize performance identify and any perfomance issues. Cleaning is often accompanied by the application of fresh lubrication to key components. Lubrication reduces friction between moving parts, minimizing wear and ensuring smoother operation. This step is vital for maintaining the health of the movement.
Who is Craftline and why do we know so little about a company that sold fine clocks that adorned the living rooms of many Canadian homes from coast to coast?
In the 1970s through the 1980s and into the 1990s, having a grandfather clock in the home was a symbol of success, and many families of means proudly displayed these elegant clocks in their homes much like having a Cadillac in the driveway.
My daughter’sCraftline grandfather clock
Two years ago, my daughter purchased a new home in a large city in western Canada. As part of the sale, a few pieces of furniture, including a grandfather clock, were left behind and offered for sale. Recognizing the seller’s disinterest in taking the clock along with them, my daughter made an appropriate offer, successfully acquiring the clock.
What they acquired was a Craftline grandfather clock purchased by the original owner in the 1990s. This model boasts impressive features and at one time would have been considered a high-end model within its range. It included selectable chimes, a seconds bit, a beveled glass lower access door, a 12-inch pendulum bob, a moon phase display, crank weights, and a beautiful solid wood (possibly Cherry) case with carefully chosen veneers.
Catalog page
It is a beautiful clock but not something that most folks would choose to furnish their home today.
Unfortunately, information about the Craftline company is elusive. What is known is that it was a Canadian company that made furniture but it also specialized in crafting clock cases, sourcing movements from Germany, possibly from Hermle and Urgos, as well as faces, pendulums, and weights.
The timeline of their production and when they ceased operations, likely in the early 1990s, remains a mystery. Nevertheless, the clock’s craftsmanship suggests that Craftline was a formidable competitor to renowned US brands like Howard Miller and Ridgeway.
In the end, while the era of every home having a grandfather clock may have passed, the presence of such a finely made clock serves as a reminder of a bygone era when these clocks were considered essential elements of a well-appointed home.
Catalog page
Online searches suggest that the company encountered obstacles in maintaining its copyright brand name due to numerous other businesses also operating under the Craftline name, resulting in search efforts leading to many dead ends. Join me in a challenge to uncover information about this company. With enough bits of information perhaps we can piece together a profile of this fine Canadian company.
We deserve to know more about the Craftline Furniture Company of Canada.
June 2025 update: The definitive source on Craftline Industries is an article I authored earlier this year.
In this article, I will outline the reasons for opting to use an ultrasonic cleaner in clock repair, delve into how the unit operates, and provide recommendations for those contemplating the use of an ultrasonic cleaner in their clock workshop.
What is an ultrasonic cleaner?
An ultrasonic cleaner typically resembles a rectangular tank made of stainless steel. It features a hinged or removable lid for easy access to the interior. Inside the tank, there are transducers mounted on the bottom or sides, which emit high-frequency sound waves.
The tank also includes controls such as timers and temperature settings to regulate the cleaning process. Additionally, there may be a drainage spout or valve for convenient removal of the used cleaning solution. Depending on the model, ultrasonic cleaners can vary in size from small tabletop units to large industrial machines.
An ultrasonic cleaner is used for cleaning a wide array of objects. The high-frequency pressure (sound) waves create cavitation bubbles within a liquid, generating intense agitation. This agitation exerts significant forces on contaminants adhering to various substrates such as metals, plastics, glass, rubber, and ceramics. This process is able to penetrate blind holes, cracks, and recesses, leading to remarkably rapid and efficient cleaning outcomes. It is ideal for cleaning clock parts. A clock sage I know once said, “Wait till you see how clean lantern pinions are after a cleaning’.
Ultrasonic cleaner by L&Ris rated at 3.5 liters(.85 American gallons)
Cleaning a mechanical movement’s parts before reassembling a clock movement is crucial for several reasons:
Remove Dirt and Debris: Over time, dust, dirt, and other contaminants can accumulate on the various components of a clock movement. Cleaning helps eliminate these particles, preventing potential issues and ensuring smooth operation.
Prevent Wear and Damage: Dirt and grime can act as abrasives, leading to increased friction between moving parts. This friction can cause wear and damage to components over time. Cleaning ensures that parts are free from abrasive particles, preserving their longevity.
Optimize Performance: A clean movement operates more efficiently. By removing any buildup that may hinder the free movement of gears, springs, and other components, the clock can function optimally, maintaining accurate timekeeping.
Identify Issues: Cleaning provides an opportunity to closely inspect each part. This close examination can reveal any signs of wear, damage, or misalignment that may not be apparent when parts are dirty. Identifying issues beforehand allows for timely repairs, preventing potential problems in the future.
Lubrication: Cleaning is often accompanied by the application of fresh lubrication to key components. Lubrication reduces friction between moving parts, minimizing wear and ensuring smoother operation. This step is vital for maintaining the health of the movement.
Ultrasonic cleaner from Harbour Freight
Although it is possible to clean clock movement parts by hand, an ultrasonic cleaner offers a more precise and thorough cleaning process.
The following outlines my approach to using an ultrasonic cleaner for clock servicing.
Using the ultrasonic cleaner
In the cleaner’s main tank, I pour in a pre-mix of one part Deox 007 to six parts water. Deox 007 is a biodegradable de-oxidizer and de-greaser and is my recommended solution for cleaning clock parts. While the mix is at room temperature I leave the solution in the ultrasonic machine for 10 minutes or so and use the integrated ultrasonic heater to heat the mixture. Using hot water speeds up the cleaning process, but it’s important not to make it too hot, as it can damage lacquered parts.
When cleaning multiple batches of parts, I check the water temperature to ensure it’s not too hot. If needed, I simply turn off the heater without disrupting the operation of the ultrasonic cleaner.
Movement plates cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner
For heavily soiled movements, I recommend pre-cleaning with degreasing soap and water.
Typically, 15-20 minutes in the ultrasonic cleaner is enough, but timing may vary based on the machine’s power.
A mesh tray or basket might not be included with your ultrasonic cleaner. In the case of my L&R cleaner, the mesh tray was an optional accessory.
Arrange all the components in the tray or basket before placing them in the ultrasonic cleaner. Ensure as much as possible that the parts do not touch each other, and if the basket doesn’t provide enough space, consider having an additional cleaning session.
Once the parts have undergone a cycle in the ultrasonic cleaner, I inspect them to determine if an extra cycle is necessary. If not, I immerse each part in warm water to confirm the removal of any degreasing cleaner residue.
Drying is crucial to prevent rust on steel parts. After the warm bath, I lay all the parts on an absorbent paper towel, and with more paper towels I meticulously dry each part. I use a hairdryer or residual cooking oven heat (on a day my wife is baking bread) to remove moisture from lantern pinions for example.
After finishing the drying process for the clock parts, I go back to the ultrasonic cleaner. I empty the cleaning solution from the device and proceed to clean the ultrasonic cleaner itself with used paper towels from the drying phase. I then store the cleaning mixture in an old vinegar container. Following each use, I assess whether to retain or discard the mixture, opting to dispose of it if it is too murky and dark. It can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly way.
A word of caution for individuals using the heater: if there’s a distinct switch for the heater, there’s a potential risk of leaving it on when the unit is plugged in and lacks a solution in the reservoir. This poses a risk of potential damage to the heating element. Unplug the unit if it is not in use.
Other uses for the ultrasonic cleaner beyond clock repair
Beyond cleaning clock parts, ultrasonic cleaners have diverse applications across various industries and tasks. Some common uses include jewelry cleaning, dental and medical instrument cleaning, automotive parts, optical and eyewear, firearm parts, laboratory equipment, metal and plastic parts, and coins and collectibles.
In Summary
Cleaning a clock movement’s parts is a fundamental step in the maintenance and restoration process. It not only improves the immediate performance of the clock but also contributes to its long-term durability and accuracy.
However, there are exceptions to using an ultrasonic cleaner for clock parts. Ammonia-based cleaners on aluminum can darken brass, and caution is warranted. Avoid putting floating balance escapements and hairsprings in the ultrasonic cleaner as they might be damaged. Old hammered brass movements are best cleaned by hand to avoid potential damage.
An ultrasonic cleaner is a handy piece of equipment to have around the shop.
Authors Note
If a premium unit like the L&R cleaner is beyond your budget, numerous alternatives are available on online retail platforms for you to consider. The most cost-effective alternative is a used machine which can be found online but try to avoid low-cost and low-power jewelry cleaners that have small reservoirs.
The price of the L&R Q-140 has significantly increased over the past five years. When I purchased mine four years ago, it was around $600. However, I’ve noticed that it now costs upwards of $1160, a dramatic rise. Despite my satisfaction with the purchase, such a steep price would make me think twice today. If I were to make the choice again, I would probably opt for a less expensive Chinese-made cleaner and take the chance that it will last.
American clocks with double dials, often referred to as “double dial” or “two-dial” clocks, were common in the 19th century.
There are two categories of double-dial clocks but first, let’s talk about the calendar clock. These clocks typically have one dial for the time and another for the calendar. The reason for this design was to provide both timekeeping and a calendar function in a single device.
Seth Thomas 8-day office calendar 1895
By integrating both time and calendar functions into a single clock, manufacturers provided a practical solution for the needs of households and businesses.
Welch 5-day calendar clock 1880
Moreover, before the widespread adoption of standardized timekeeping systems, local time could vary significantly from one place to another. Having a clock that displayed both local time and the date helped people coordinate activities and synchronize their schedules more effectively.
Fashion (Southern Calendar Clock Co.) and Ithaca were well-known makers of quality shelf and wall calendar clocks. Seth Thomas was a significant producer of office calendar clocks.
Ithaca 30-day calendar clock 1866
Less common are double-dial clocks that exhibit two separate times. A typical two-dial clock of this type would display railroad time and local time or railroad time and city time.
Seth Thomas double time #17 special order clock
When the two major US railway companies adopted Standard Time in 1883 the Seth Thomas Company began the manufacture of 8-day weight-driven clocks with two time dials. The clocks would come with an upper and lower plaque depicting local time and railroad time. Some clocks were production clocks while others like the #17 were special order clocks.
Seth Thomas double time clock#6, a production clock
Both dials are run by one movement with a connecting drive shaft between the upper and lower units. Once the upper movement is set up, the lower unit will display the relative difference. Moving the hands on the upper unit moves the hands on the lower unit accordingly.
Upper movement and the lower unit are connected by a drive shaft
Examples of the more prevalent #6 can be readily found, whereas the specialized #17 is exceptionally rare. Regardless, acquiring either double-time model would entail a significant investment of thousands of dollars.
The clock is one of man’s greatest achievements. The development of instruments to tell time is the unwavering toil of brilliant minds from many disciplines who, for over 800 years, worked tirelessly to create, innovate, and improve methods for telling the time.
Horology is not only the study of time but the synergy of art, joinery, fashion, design, décor, physics, engineering, metallurgy, and mathematics. Indeed, the study of the mechanical clock is a microcosm of our society.
Banjo clock Ca. 1840
While not claiming to be an exhaustive guide, the following dates are noteworthy in the history of the clock and compiled from various sources. The challenges in pinpointing precise dates arise from disparities among sources.
Kundo standard size 400-day clock
Advancements in horology preceding the advent of the mechanical clock are omitted. (Clepsydra) and sundial clocks from the Middle Ages, as well as ancient Chinese astronomical clocks, warrant a separate discussion and are not encompassed in this account.
Important Dates in Horological Development
Around 1300 – The first mechanical verge clock in Europe
1364 – Astronomical clock idea by Giovanni de Dondi, Italy
1386 – Tower (turret) clock at Salisbury Cathedral, England
Around 1400 – Fusee power was invented by Jacobs, Czechoslovakia
Around 1450 – A table clock with spring and fusee by Phillip the Good of Burgundy, France
Around 1500 – The mainspring was invented in Germany
Around 1510 – The watch was invented by Peter Henlein, Germany
Around 1560 – A spring-driven portable clock, in Germany
Around 1570 – The oldest known clock with a second hand, Orpheus clock, Germany
Around 1620 – The production of lantern clocks in Britain increased
1637 – Galileo conceives pendulum control for swinging temple lamp, Italy
Around 1650 – The first tower clock in America
1656 – Huygens devises pendulum clock, Holland
1657 – Verge and foliot replaced by pendulum control, Huygens, Holland
1658 – Fromanteel adapts long-case prototype from lantern clock, England
1660 – Hooke conceives balance wheel, England
Around 1675 – Richard Towneley invented dead-beat escapement, in England
1675 – Huygens invents the balance wheel with spiral spring, Holland
Around 1675 – Hooke and Clement collaborated to invent recoil escapement and crutch, in England
1676 – Barlow develops rack striking, England
1680 -1700 – Notable horologists of this era were Arnold, Earnshaw, East, Graham, Knibb, Compion, and Windmills of England; Berthoud, Breguet, and LeRoy of France
1701 – St Sulpice seminary tower clock (imported from France), Montreal, Canada
1713 – Harrison invents marine chronometer, in England. For more see Dava Sobel’s, Longitude, Harrison’s struggle against the establishment to get recognition for his chronometer.
Around 1715 – The break-arch dial introduced
1715 – Graham perfects deadbeat escapement, regarded as the “father” of the dead-beat escapement
1717 – First tower clock in America, Benjamin Bagnall, Boston
1726 – Graham invents Mercurial pendulum (temperature compensating pendulum), in England
1726 – Thomas Bennett makes wall clock, 8-day brass, weight-driven, in America
1736 – Harrison’s marine chronometer tested at sea (accurately ascertaining longitude), in England
1770 – White dials appear in English longcase clocks
1776 – Pouzait invents independent seconds train for the watch, Switzerland
1790 – Vienna regulator-style case emerges in Austria
1790 – American woodworks clocks begin to appear
1802 – Willard patents banjo timepiece, America
1806 – Terry introduces the Pillar and Scroll clock, America
1809 – Martin Cheney sets up a clock-making shop in Montreal, Canada
1810 – Breguet introduces Carriage clock (Pendule De Voyage), France
1818 – Heman Clark makes wrought brass movement for Pillar and Scroll case, America
1825 – Rolled brass production begins in America
1836 – Tempered brass mainsprings introduced in America
1837 – Noble Jerome’s 30-hour brass movement patent approved, America
1840 – American brass movements in mass production
1842 – Chauncey Jerome exports American brass movement clocks to England
1845 – Woodworks movement production ends, America
1847 – Tempered steel mainsprings begin to be manufactured in America
1850 – Lord Grimthorpe designs the Westminster tower clock made by Dent, England
Around 1850 – Brocot (pin-wheel) escapement and pendulum suspension were introduced, France
Around 1850 – American mass production of watches begins. The Waltham Watch Company leads the charge
1860 – Junghans technicians were sent to America to study American mass production techniques, Germany
1870 – Decline in English long-case clocks
1874 – Mantel and wall clock mass production begins in Whitby, Canada
1900 – American clock production peaks; makers are Ansonia, Ingraham, Gilbert, Howard, New Haven, Seth Thomas, Waterbury, and Welch
1904 – Arthur Pequegnat begins clock production in Berlin, Canada
1906 – The Eureka electric clock was introduced, America
1908 – Big Ben alarm clock enters production, in America; Baby Ben follows in 1910
Around 1910 – The torsion pendulum clock (400-day) introduced, in Germany
1920-40 – General decline in American mechanical clock production, increase in electric clock production
1927 – The quartz clock is invented but not in widespread use until the 1970s
1928 – Atmos clock by Jaeger LeCoultre – perpetual motion clock powered by temperature and atmospheric pressure changes
1941 – Arthur Pequegnat ceases production, Kitchener Canada
Around 1960-70 – End of mass-produced mechanical clocks, America (cheaper Japanese, Korean & Chinese mechanical clocks flooded North America)
Present day – Movement and clockmakers remain but become a fringe market; Howard Miller (Ridgeway), Keininger, Hermle, Chelsea, Jaeger LeCoultre among others
Antique Sessions Electric clock
These milestones highlight our constant quest for accurate timekeeping and showcase the human spirit’s ingenuity.
As we look back, the ticking of the clock is more than just tracking time; it symbolizes our ongoing journey to understand the essence of time. Horology serves as a testament to our commitment to precision and symbolizes our continuous efforts to enhance the quality of our lives.
If you have a favorite clock in your collection that has earned a special place in your heart, we invite you to share its unique story with our readers. Whether it’s a vintage masterpiece or a modern marvel, we want to unravel the essence of what makes your clock truly exceptional. Provide me with a history of the clock and/or some interesting details that I could include in a blog article. The only identifier will be the first and last letters of your name and your country location.
I recently received a letter from D in South Africa, requesting assistance in gathering information about a particularly cherished clock that has been a part of his family for many years. D has graciously given consent for me to feature and profile this special family clock on my blog.
D writes
I hope you don’t mind me reaching out to you. My family has an Empire-style anniversary clock that I believe is rare and I am struggling to find any information, relating to its age, maker, or “story”.
It has been such a part of our family and I regret not exploring the history while family members were still able to shed some light on its origin… A local clock expert has suggested it was possibly made in the early 1900s in Germany…I contacted Martin Haller who confirmed it was not made by them.
Dial faceUnique pendulum
I believe the clock was imported to South Africa by J Muller (a jeweler)who was originally from the Black Forest in Germany and their family became well-known optometrists here in Cape Town. I think they gifted it to my great-grandparents before the First World War. If you perhaps have any information about the clock I would be most grateful. Many thanks, D
Backplate
I was intrigued by D’s clock and decided to do a little digging
My reply
Hi, and thanks for your email, D. First of all, it is a fascinating clock and, in my view, quite rare. Time is the enemy of memories and once the memories are lost, they are lost forever. I know very little of the history of most of the clocks in my collection, unfortunately, but it is nice to learn that your clock has been in your family for such a long time. At least you can trace most of its history.
The photo of the face is a bit blurry but the names on the dial face of a shelf clock such as yours are usually the retailer or a dedication to an individual. I assume there is no maker’s stamp on the movement.
A Haller clock would have been an excellent guess, but I think not.
The plate image of your clock can be found in the Horolovar manual. The Horolovarmanual is an indispensable resource for anyone working on, or collecting torsion clocks.
I have attached two photos from the Horolovar manual, a guide to the repair of 400-day and similar torsion clocks to aid in identifying your clock. Yours has Jahresuhrenfabrik c1902 plate 1471 (see photo). Angemeldet means declared; a “declared patent”.
The backplate of the anniversary clock
I discovered that the clock was designed by Andreas Huber.
Andreas Huber twin-loop temperature compensating pendulum
The patent for the movement is dated 1902. Your clock was likely made shortly after that date. While the clock case radiates regal elegance, it is the pendulum that is its most intriguing feature. The pendulum is unique because it is twin-loop temperature-compensating to maintain accuracy throughout its running cycle. A type not found in many anniversary clocks.
Two companies purchased movements from Andreas Huber, Badische Uhrenfabrik, and the more widely known Kienzle, both of Germany. It is also quite possible that Huber sold to other companies such as Schatz or Gustav Becker, but I have found nothing to confirm that.
You have a unique clock and, who knows, a reader somewhere in the world might provide more information so that we can both learn more about this fascinating clock.
A steeple clock is a type of clock designed to resemble a miniature church steeple or spire. This style of clock is often characterized by its tall and narrow structure.
These clocks gained popularity in the mid-19th century and were often produced in various styles. The design was influenced by the Gothic Revival architecture that was prevalent during that period.
Steeple clocks are relatively common in North America as thousands were produced in America particularly but rare in other parts of the world.
New Haven Gothic Steeple clock
In my collection, I own three steeple clocks – the first, crafted by the American manufacturer Elisha Manross, the second by the Hamilton Clock Company of Hamilton, Ontario, and the third by The New Haven Clock Company of America, made for export and sold by Thomas Spike Jewelers in Halifax, Nova Scotia in the 1880s.
All three share a commonality with their time and strike 30-hour spring-driven movements.
The Elisha Manross steeple clock stands out with its distinctive use of tempered brass mainsprings, marking a period between 1836 and 1847 when this material was the motive force for spring-driven clocks. It represents a technological glimpse into an important era in American clockmaking.
Alisha Manross steeple clock
However, it is the steeple clock from the Hamilton Clock Company that holds a special place in my collection. Being a Canadian collector, the clock not only adds historical charm to my collection but also carries significance because it is Canadian-made.
Crafted in Hamilton, Ontario, it embodies a piece of Canadian horological heritage, making it more than just a clock but a connection to the craftsmanship and legacy of clockmaking in Canada.
Hamilton Clock Co Gothic steeple clock
The Hamilton Gothic steeple clock stands out because of a religious inscription, “Cling to the Cross,” delicately etched onto the lower glass tablet. It is a rare clock from the Hamilton Clock Co., which manufactured a variety of clocks of every style over a very short period.
The historical weight of this 30-hour steeple clock is underscored in Jim Connell’s description in a video he produced several years ago. Connell, a figure renowned in Canadian clock circles, whose acknowledgment of the clock’s rarity adds an extra layer of importance to this find. Fun fact, Jim Connell invented salt and vinegar potato chips.
This clock carries whispers of a bygone era, a testament to the Hamilton Clock Co. which, between 1876 and 1880, made a valiant though short-lived attempt to compete with the growing number of common clocks coming from the USA.
Steeple clock discussion
The term “Gothic steeple clock” specifically refers to clocks that incorporate Gothic design elements, such as pointed arches, into their structure.
An unusual “ribbed” style steeple clock
Steeple clocks can vary in features, including different types of movements.
A trio of steeple clocks with an 8-day fusee clock in the middle
The vast majority were relatively simple designs that were spring-driven but there are some very rare examples of steeple clocks that are weight-driven and ones that incorporate fusee movements.
Unknown double steeple clock
R. Blakeslee, Jr. in or around 1850 made a 30-hour weight-driven clock with a lyre movement (not pictured). His clock also featured a compound pulley configuration on the time side, the time side weight being heavier than the strike side.
A fusee movement, unknown maker
Even more unusual are double-steeple clocks, a noteworthy example being a Birge and Fuller 8-day fusee-powered brass movement clock (not pictured) made in the mid-1840s.
During the same period, Elisha Manross made a double steeple shelf clock that had an 8-day time and strike strap brass fusee movement with a 12″ pendulum (not pictured). It features the original stenciled and painted tablets by William B. Fenn of Plymouth. William Fenn was one of the more prolific tablet makers of the mid-19th century.
By comparison to a conventional steeple clock that stands at about 20 inches, double steeples are over 6 inches taller.
Jerome & Co. New Haven, Conn, 1850 steeple with the portrait of Andrew Jackson
Jerome & Co. of Chauncey Jerome fame also produced a double steeple in 1850. The one pictured above features a portrait of the seventh President of the USA, Andrew Jackson.
Gallery-style gothic clock, a variation of a steeple theme
Steeple clocks are appreciated by collectors for their historical charm and unique aesthetic, reflecting the craftsmanship and design of the era in which they were produced. They also stand as tangible expressions of the artistry and cultural influences of their respective historical periods.
Antique and Vintage Mechanical Clocks 
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