Walter Clocks of Toronto: A Nearly Forgotten Chapter in Canadian Clockmaking

_Among Canadian clocks, some names are immediately recognizable — Pequegnat, Canada Clock Company, Hamilton Clock Company, Wesclox from Peterbourough or Seth Thomas and New Haven imports sold through Canadian retailers. Others, however, tell a quieter story. Walter Clocks of Toronto belongs firmly in that second group, yet its history represents one of the last meaningful chapters of traditional clock manufacturing in Canada.

About two years ago, I made an effort to connect with surviving members of the Stonkus family and was able to reach one of Walter Stonkus’s granddaughters, as I recall. I proposed a question-and-answer format, with the intention of later shaping the material into a blog article. Unfortunately, despite a follow-up, I did not receive any further correspondence.

Since then, I have pieced together what information I could from a variety of online sources including The Canadian Clock Museum, located in Deep River, Ontario (Canada). While there are still some obvious gaps in the story, my goal here is simply to provide a general sense of Walter Clocks and their contribution to clockmaking in Canada.

So, let’s begin.

The company was founded by Walter Stonkus, who immigrated to Canada from Lithuania in 1927. Trained originally as a watchmaker, Walter brought with him both mechanical knowledge and European craftsmanship at a time when Canada was still developing its own manufacturing identity. By the early 1930s, the Toronto-based firm operated under the name Walter Stonkus and Sons Clocks.

From the beginning, the company followed a model common among Canadian makers: build the cases locally while sourcing precision movements from Europe.

Walter’s real strength appears to have been in design and cabinetmaking. Clock cases were produced in Toronto, often using walnut veneer before the Second World War, and stained birch in later years. The quality of the clock cases seems almost at odds with the small size of the company. Despite being a modest operation, Walter produced cases of remarkably high quality.

These early clocks typically featured spiral gongs and reflected the popular mantel styles of the era — practical, handsome, and intended for everyday homes rather than grand showpieces. It is also possible, though unconfirmed, that Walter clocks supplied finished cases to the Forestville Clock Co., operating in Toronto, Ontario (Canada) at the same time.

Like many small manufacturers, the company’s progress was interrupted by the Second World War. Production was suspended, largely due to the difficulty of obtaining imported movements and the broader shift of industry toward wartime needs.

When production resumed after the war, the business entered a new phase. Walter’s son Bill joined the company, and several recognizable design features emerged. Postwar clock cases were often made from stained birch, and many models incorporated what became something of a Walter trademark — a round removable back door that allowed easy access to the movement. German-made Urgos movements, both two-train and three train, powered many of these clocks, combining reliable European mechanics with distinctly Canadian cabinetry.

In many ways, Walter Clocks filled an important gap in Canadian horology. After the closure of the Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company in 1941, very few domestic manufacturers remained. Walter Clocks, along with the Forestville Clock Co. of Toronto, helped carry Canadian clockmaking into the mid-20th century, even as the industry itself was beginning to change.

By the 1950s tastes were shifting. Mantel clocks were no longer the focal point of the living room. Television sets were taking their place, and inexpensive electric clocks were rapidly gaining popularity. Like many traditional makers, Walter Clocks adapted by moving into cuckoo clocks, 400-day clocks, and alarm clocks — products that reflected changing consumer demand. Increasing competition from imported clocks further reduced the viability of local production.

_{Walter Stonkus’s set of Starrett measuring tools}

The company ultimately ceased operations sometime in the late 1950s. The exact year — and the precise reasons for closure — remain uncertain, but Walter Clocks had operated in Toronto for more than thirty years, a respectable lifespan for a small Canadian manufacturer navigating enormous technological and cultural change.

Today, Walter clocks occupy an interesting place for collectors. They are not rare in the sense of limited experimental pieces, nor were they mass-produced in American quantities. They were never a large industrial producer, which explains why surviving examples feel scarce today.

Sadly, relatively few of these clocks survive today, and they seldom appear for sale online. While browsing Facebook Marketplace the other day, I came across one very much like the example pictured below, though fitted with a Westminster chimes movement. It was in poor condition and listed as a non-working, parts clock. Otherwise, it was the first example I have seen come up for sale in quite some time.

The Walter Clock Co. represents something uniquely Canadian: practical craftsmanship, locally built cases, and dependable European movements assembled for everyday households.

For collectors like myself, these clocks serve as reminders that horological history is not only written through grand innovations or famous names. Sometimes it is found in the steady work of immigrant craftsmen who built honest, functional objects meant to live quietly on mantels across the country — marking time for generations of Canadian families.

A Clock Collection in Motion | The Dynamic Nature of Clock Collecting

If you’re a collector of any kind, you’ll relate to what I have to say in this blog article. In the early years of collecting anything, many of us follow a very familiar path. We begin with breadth rather than depth, acquiring whatever speaks to us, and for me, it was mantel clocks, shelf clocks, kitchen clocks, the occasional novelty piece, and just about anything that ticked.

One of the enduring truths about horology is that a clock collection, much like anyone who collects, is never static. It ebbs and flows, expands and contracts, and evolves in quiet harmony with the collector’s own journey. Over time, clocks are added, sold off, traded, gifted, or, when age and wear have had their final say, parted out or retired completely. In this way, a clock collection behaves much like the history of clockmaking itself—constantly in motion, shaped by shifting tastes, new discoveries, and changing priorities.

_{The first antique clock I ever bought, 25 years ago, is still in my collection}

But as time passes, so too do our personal preferences. For me, the evolution has been gradual. I now own far fewer mantel and shelf clocks than I once did. Instead, my interests have gravitated toward wall clocks—regulators, Vienna-style pieces, and distinctive works by specific makers, especially those connected to Canada’s own horological heritage. Collectors often narrow their focus as their knowledge grows. It is a natural growth.

Even recently, the changing nature of a collection becomes clear in unexpected ways. Just the other day, a clock enthusiast emailed me asking if I could measure the glass door bezel of a clock for a replacement piece of glass. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help because I had parted with that clock four or five years ago, even though I had written about it several times in blog posts. It was a reminder that clocks, like memories, pass through our lives and collections, leaving traces of their stories even after they’ve moved on.

Smiths Enfield mantel clock — _{The clock in question}

This change is partly driven by experience. After handling clocks from different eras, regions, and makers—from the mass-produced American clocks of the early 1900s to the quieter Canadian ventures of the early 20th century—we start to notice subtleties: the quality of the movement, the style of the escapement, the character of the case. Some clocks speak to us in a lasting way; others pass through our hands like chapters in a book we enjoyed but will never reread.

Practical considerations echo historical realities as well. Just as factories once adapted production methods to suit changing markets, collectors adapt to the constraints of space and lifestyle. Mantel and shelf clocks take up real estate. Wall clocks—particularly regulators and finer makers’ pieces—offer presence without clutter. The shift is natural, almost inevitable.

And then there is the human side of collecting. Some clocks are sold to fund the next important acquisition, just as workshops once sold older stock to invest in improved machinery. Some are gifted to friends or family, continuing a tradition of passing clocks from one generation to the next. A few, too worn or incomplete to justify further effort, end their journey—much as many historical clocks did when changing technology made them obsolete.

_{Clocks like this attractive Mauthe buffet clock were sold off to acquire new pieces}

A living collection tells a story. A static one may be beautiful, but a changing collection reflects the realities of horology—shaped by new finds, practical decisions, sentimental choices, and the gradual shift of personal taste. A changing collection also keeps me enthused and energized.

In the end, our collections evolve as we do. They follow the contours of our interests, the limits of our space, and the discoveries that excite us. Change is constant—each adjustment bringing us closer to the clocks that truly matter to us, those that will remain as markers on our own timeline.

January 5, 2026 1

Top Reasons Your Mechanical Antique Clock Runs Slow: Tips & Fixes (2025 Ed.)

We are quite accustomed to the accuracy of quartz clocks which lose or gain mere milli-seconds per week. Contrast that with an era when folks were content to accept that their mechanical clock would be a minute fast or slow through the week, and it was a common practice to make small adjustments over the run cycle of a clock.

Clocks generally fall into four categories: quartz, electro-mechanical, electric, and mechanical. In this discussion, we’ll focus on mechanical clocks—whether antique or vintage—as we explore the common reasons why a clock may run slow.

Our discussion on why a clock runs slow should be grounded in a few practical realities. A typical American spring-driven clock, even when properly serviced, may gain or lose a couple of minutes per week—this is considered normal. In contrast, weight-driven mechanical clocks that vary by only a few seconds per week are regarded as highly accurate, with astronomical regulator clocks being among the most precise of all.

That said, how many mechanical devices do you know run perfectly (relatively speaking) after 120 years?

A clock runs slowly for a variety of reasons.

Let’s consider several factors and examine each in detail.

Environmental factors
The pendulum is too low or too high
The pendulum is the incorrect weight
Incorrect suspension spring length
The suspension spring is not attached correctly
Lack of lubrication
Gummed-up lubrication (over-oiled)
Balance Wheel Requires an Adjustment
A weak mainspring
Changes or Alterations During Servicing
Clock cycle time variance
Slipping, Binding and Rubbing

one-weight Vienna wall clock — _{One-weight wall clock with a large pendulum bob and rate adjustment on the bottom}

Environmental Factors

Mechanical clocks are subject to a number of environmental factors that may cause them to gain or lose speed over the course of a year. These factors include heat, cold, and humidity. Increasing the ambient temperature of a clock will slow it down from the expansion and lengthening of the pendulum unless the pendulum is a compensating type using Mercury or dissimilar metal rods. Denser air also causes the pendulum to move more slowly.

Ogee clock showing replacement pendulum bob — _{Ogee clock showing replacement 1 oz rate adjusting pendulum bob}

Moving a clock from sea level to a higher elevation will affect the speed of the clock.

It is common to make seasonal speed adjustments on a clock that does not have a compensating pendulum.

Numbers on bob correspond with the movement — _{Pendulum bob with inset rate adjustment}

Pendulum Too Low or Too High

The lower the pendulum bob, the slower the clock will run. Many pendulum clocks can be adjusted either by a set screw at the bottom of the pendulum or by an inset screw on the pendulum.

In the absence of an adjustment on the pendulum, there is a regulator on the clock face. Use the small end of a double-sided key and insert it into the dial face of the clock to speed up or slow down the clock.

Shortening the pendulum will speed up the clock. Anything that increases the length of the pendulum will reduce the rate of the pendulum and result in a clock that will run slower.

_{Parts of the clock related to the pendulum}

Pendulum is the Incorrect Weight

If the pendulum is too heavy, it causes the centre of gravity to be too low, consequently, the clock will run slower. Having the correct weight pendulum for your clock ensures smooth running.

Incorrect Suspension Spring Length

Often, when a clock is repaired by a person who has limited knowledge of the effect a replacement spring will have on the running of a clock they will occasionally install an incorrect length or thickness of suspension spring. Choose the suspension spring that is correct for your clock.

_{Rate adjustment under the 12. Use the small end of the double-sided key to make the adjustment}

Suspension Spring Not Attached Correctly, or Bent or Twisted Spring

The suspension spring is located at the top of the pendulum rod and serves as the flexible part that allows the pendulum to swing. It connects the top post to the pendulum leader. If it is not installed securely, the pendulum may not swing at all or could wobble, which robs the movement of its energy.

If the spring is bent or twisted, the imperfection will also drain its energy. This imperfection reduces the efficiency of energy transfer to the pendulum, causing it to lose amplitude and making the clock run slow or stop altogether.

Lack of Lubrication

Pivot holes that have dried up mean that there is no lubricating barrier between the pivots and their bearing holes, although the movement may otherwise be very clean.

Small drops of clock oil applied to the dry pivot holes will ensure the clock runs well and will have a long life. Without oil, the steel pivots will wear the brass pivot holes, resulting in wheels that will not mesh properly, eventually stopping the clock.

An approved clock oil must be used, although I have heard that synthetic oil works well too.

Note: a small drop of oil in each bushing hole is all that is required. As they say, Less Is More!

Gummed-up Lubrication

Clock oil loses its viscosity over time. Aging oils also lose their adhesive properties. Oil becomes oxidized, and oxidized oil forms varnish-like residues or gums that can clog pivots and bushings, increasing friction.

When a clock runs slowly, the first instinct is to apply more oil. Old blackened or greenish oil in the pivot holes is a sure sign the clock has been over-oiled or the oil has degraded. The addition of fresh oil produces an almost immediate improvement in the running of the clock, but it will not be long-lasting. In a short time, the clock will begin to run slowly again as the new oil mixes with the dirt and grime in the old oil. When this occurs, the oil becomes an abrasive paste, resulting in exacerbated wear.

The only solution is servicing, which includes disassembly, cleaning of the movement, addressing wear issues, reassembly, and testing.

Balance Wheel Requires an Adjustment

Balance wheels can be adjusted to speed up or slow down a clock.

Regulation of the escapement is done by sliding the two small weights attached to the center of the balance wheel inward to make the clock run faster, and outward to slow it down.

To adjust, simply hold the wheel and push the small adjustment “finger.” Moving the finger to the right will speed up the clock, and moving it to the left will slow it down. Each movement of one dot typically changes the rate by about 10 seconds per day.

The movement usually has a directional indicator guide near the balance wheel, with an “S” for slow and an “F” for fast.

A Weak Mainspring

Often, the mainspring you will find in your antique clock is the original one(s). The steel used at the time the clock was made was generally of higher quality than the steel used today, with some exceptions. By their very nature, mainsprings become weak over time.

Weak mainsprings are called “set” mainsprings. If “set”, your clock will not run a full cycle, 8 days for eight-day clocks, a full 30 hours for one-day clocks, or whatever the designed cycle. When a spring-driven clock is brought in for a professional repair, the mainsprings are often replaced.

Most properly serviced clocks with their original mainsprings will complete their full cycle, even if the springs are not as powerful as they once were, because cleaning reduces resistance throughout the gear train.

If your clock requires a mainspring replacement, a correctly sized, quality American- or German-made mainspring should provide years of reliable service.

Changes or Alterations During Servicing

Changing or altering the mechanism, such as replacing a gear with an incorrect tooth count, may speed up or slow down a clock. Although movement parts may appear to be similar, manufacturers often made small changes, resulting in parts that may not be interchangeable with the exact movement over the years.

Clock Cycle Time Variance

American spring-driven eight-day clocks typically run slightly faster at the beginning of their cycle because they provide most of their power early on, then run more slowly throughout the week as the mainspring unwinds. A spring-driven clock that is one or two minutes fast at the start of the week may often be a minute or two slow by the end of its cycle. This is considered normal, and no adjustment is necessary.

Occasionally, you will see Geneva Works or stop works on a clock movement. These mechanical additions are designed to compensate for the variance of spring power by utilizing the mechanism to limit the mainspring’s unwinding, ensuring a consistent amount of power is delivered throughout the clock’s running cycle. I have also seen enough of these clocks with the Geneva stops removed. Why? Often, the repairer did not understand how to set them!

The power on a weight-driven clock, on the other hand, is constant, and the loss or gain in time at the beginning of the cycle will be the same at the end, assuming no wear issues are slowing it down.

Slipping, Binding, and Rubbing

If your clock is losing many minutes per day, something in the mechanism is slipping or binding. If your clock is losing minutes per day after all adjustments are made, it is likely that bushing wear or some other worn component, including a weak mainspring, is causing the problem.

Clock repairers often use a term called end shake. End shake allows freedom of lateral movement for each of the wheels between the movement plates. If the plates are tight and there is no end shake, too much resistance will slow a clock. It is why clock repairers always check for sufficient end-shake when servicing the wheels/gears on a movement.

If a wall clock is not mounted correctly, the pendulum might rub against the case. Make sure the clock is not only level and in beat but also properly aligned vertically against the wall. If a clock is not aligned vertically, the pendulum may not swing evenly, causing it to rub against not only the clock case but other parts as well. This uneven motion puts extra stress on a distorted suspension spring.

Final Thoughts

Your situation may be unique, and if it is not covered by this article, I recommend consulting a clock repair expert. If you have little experience and choose to work on an antique or vintage clock yourself, the mistakes you make could be irreversible. For beginners, there are many reputable books and online forums dedicated to clock repair that can provide guidance before attempting any work.

There is also a certain element of risk working with mechanical clocks, as the power contained in the mainsprings may cause serious injury if not handled properly. Always take proper precautions when handling mainsprings or winding mechanisms. If you are unsure or unfamiliar with safe procedures, it’s best to seek assistance from a professional clockmaker to avoid injury and damage to the clock. That said, the safest clocks to work on for beginners are weight-driven ogee clocks or time-only, spring-driven clocks.

Knowing why your clock runs slowly is the first step in diagnosing the problem. Addressing the issue is the next step. Beyond that, periodic maintenance and servicing with quality parts is the key to a long life for your clock.

July 22, 2025 0

10 years of Clock Blogging | What I’ve Learned Along the Way

How It All Began: My First Steps with WordPress

Ten years ago, I attended a staff development conference workshop on WordPress. The instructor promised that by the end of the three-hour session, we would each have a live blog up and running. Wow, now that’s impressive, I thought! I was intrigued and started thinking about a theme. Since I was already repairing and restoring antique and vintage clocks at the time, a blog focused on clocks seemed like the perfect way to document my experiences.

After ten years and many blog posts, it has been quite an achievement.

_{My very first antique clock, a Seth Thomas, which I still have today}

Early Days: Learning and Growing

Looking back, my first posts profiled the clocks I had recently acquired. My writing skills weren’t the strongest back then, and looking back, I’m a little embarrassed that I published some of those early articles. I had low expectations then and was content to allow the blog to be a platform where I could improve my writing skills. But things gradually changed.

My first post featured work I had done on a German-made Dugena clock movement.

Dugena Mantel Clock Dis-assembly, Cleaning and Adjustment

Finding My Rhythm and Audience

One of the challenges early on was figuring out whether I had the desire to keep writing and whether I could maintain a regular publishing schedule. Initially, I was bubbling with enthusiasm and felt I could publish every two or three days, but that pace was too much for me, and I quickly ran out of ideas. In those early years, I observed numerous blogs gradually fade away as their authors lost the motivation to continue. I often wondered: What is the secret to maintaining a consistent writing rhythm?

Since I was not an expert, I decided to focus on beginners like myself and began documenting the challenges I faced while repairing old clocks. I hoped that by sharing my learning experiences, I would inspire others who were just starting out.

Once I identified my audience, I began sharing my experiences with buying and selling clocks, repairing movements, restoring cases, and exploring their history. Along the way, I developed a deep appreciation for the clockmakers and the companies behind these old clocks.

How My Writing Style Evolved

In the early days, I wrote more like I was jotting down notes for myself. My tone was too casual, sometimes rambling, and I often skipped over important context, assuming readers knew what I meant. Over time, I became more intentional, structuring my posts clearly, guiding the reader, and choosing words more carefully.

I learned how to strike a balance between technical detail and storytelling, especially when describing a clock repair or sharing a bit of horological history. I was always mindful of not getting too technical, worried it might alienate some readers. Striking the right balance became really important. Now, my writing feels more like a conversation with fellow enthusiasts rather than just a personal journal.

Surprising Discoveries About My Audience

Over the years, I’ve learned just how important it is to know your audience, and I’ve often been surprised by who finds my blog. While I originally wrote for beginner clock enthusiasts like myself, I soon discovered that experienced collectors, casual readers, and even people simply curious about a family heirloom were stopping by. That realization encouraged me to keep things accessible and welcoming.

Embracing Imperfection and Meaningful Engagement

I also learned not to chase perfection. Some of the posts I was most hesitant to publish — the ones with rough edges or unresolved repairs — ended up resonating the most. They reminded readers (and me) that learning is a process and that nothing is easy.

As the blog grew, I began to care less about traffic stats and more about the comments, emails, and conversations sparked by a single post. That engagement, more than pageviews, has been the most rewarding part. And while I started with a narrow focus on clock repair, I found room to explore company histories, flea market finds, museum visits, and even the personal stories behind specific clocks. It turns out that having a niche doesn’t mean being limited — it just means you’ve got a solid foundation to build on.

Unexpected Skills I Learned Along the Way

One of the unexpected parts of blogging was the variety of technical and behind-the-scenes skills I had to pick up along the way. It was not easy. At first, I thought writing would be the main challenge, but I quickly realized that running a blog involves much more. I had to learn the basics of WordPress — formatting posts, block formatting, managing plugins, updating themes, and troubleshooting when something broke.

_{This clock from the 1920s, a Sessions, was my first repair success}

I became familiar with SEO (even if reluctantly), learning how to write headlines and meta descriptions that search engines — and humans — would notice. I also improved my photography skills, especially when trying to capture the fine details of clock cases or movements. Editing images, managing file sizes, and even creating graphics for posts became part of the routine. I even tried using AI-generated images but learned quickly that not everyone appreciates seeing them on a blog, so I’ll use them more sparingly in the future.

And of course, there’s the subtle art of proofreading, learning to catch my own typos after staring at the same paragraph for too long. Some of those errors managed to slip through despite my best efforts.

None of these were part of the plan at the start, but over time, they became tools in the toolkit of a self-taught blogger.

My second post featured a schoolhouse clock made by Arthur Pequegnat, an early Canadian Clock Company.

Arthur Pequegnat Brandon time-only wall clock

Your Voice Matters, No Matter the Audience Size

If there’s one piece of encouragement I’d offer to anyone starting out, it’s this: your voice matters, even if your audience is small. In the beginning, it’s easy to feel like you’re writing into the void — a few pageviews here, maybe one comment there. But over a period of time, I came to realize that even a single post can make a difference to someone. Whether it’s helping a beginner get their first clock running or sparking a memory in someone who inherited their grandfather’s old clock, your words can reach further than you think.

The value of blogging isn’t just in how many people read it, but in the connections it creates. A niche blog may not have thousands of followers, but it can still be a trusted voice, a resource, or a source of encouragement for others.

Don’t wait until you have a big audience to write like you matter — because you already do.

Advice to New Bloggers: Keep Going

Starting a blog can feel exciting but also extremely frustrating, especially when the pageviews are low and the feedback is sparse. My advice to new bloggers is simple but powerful: don’t give up, and stay the course. Growth rarely happens overnight. It takes time to build an audience, find your voice, and develop content that truly resonates. There will be moments when you wonder if anyone is reading at all — and that’s completely normal.

Instead of focusing solely on numbers, try to enjoy the process of writing, learning, and connecting with even just a few readers. Every post is a step forward, a chance to improve, and a way to build your unique corner of the internet. Publish regularly, stay curious, and remember why you started. Persistence often pays off in ways you don’t immediately see, and the small, steady efforts add up to something meaningful over time.

My third post described the progress I was making on a newly acquired clock.

Dugena Mantel Clock Progress

What does the Future Hold?

What does the future hold? I hope my blog will evolve into a go-to online resource for collectors, historians, and restoration hobbyists interested in American and Canadian horology. Over time, I may see more interaction, not just passive readers, but active contributors. People might begin submitting their own clock stories, restoration challenges, or photos for feedback. With that, the blog could grow into more of a community hub.

I already have the makings of a self-published book — a “Best of Tick Talk Tuesday,” a guide to identifying Canadian clocks, or a memoir-style chronicle of my collecting journey. It wouldn’t be difficult to compile some of my best posts and insights into something tangible and lasting.

Lastly, I would like to develop the backbone of my blog—the wheels and gears that make it work—by increasing visibility through plugins and SEO, optimizing site performance, and ensuring a seamless user experience for my readers. Although there’s a confusing array of information on YouTube and websites dedicated to optimization, I know the journey won’t be easy.

Thank You to My Readers

Finally, I want to extend a sincere thank you to everyone who has followed my blog over the years—especially those who have been with me from the very beginning—and to the 750 email subscribers who receive notifications whenever a new article is published. Your support, comments, and encouragement have made this journey so rewarding.

_{A recent acquisition, an Arthur Pequegant parlour clock}

Whether you’re a longtime reader or someone who just discovered the blog, I’m grateful that you’ve taken the time to share in my passion for clocks and storytelling. This blog wouldn’t be what it is without you, and I look forward to continuing to explore, learn, and share together for many years to come.

July 8, 2025 4

Uncovering Craftline Industries: A Canadian Producer of Grandfather Clocks | A Prelude to an Upcoming Feature Story

Normally, my blog articles are a quick 3 to 5-minute read and include visuals to engage the reader. Within the next two weeks or so, I will be publishing a more in-depth article on Craftline Industries, a Canadian furniture and grandfather clock maker that was very active from the 1960s through the early 1990s.

If you live in Canada and have older furniture pieces in your home, there’s a very good chance they were made by Craftline Industries. You may even have one of their grandmother or grandfather clocks.

There is scant information about the company on the internet, which isn’t too surprising. It often feels as though, for those of us who rely on online sources, the world didn’t exist prior to 1990. The upcoming story is of a Canadian visionary who not only survived the Holocaust but was a major player in Canadian furniture production 35 years ago.

The article is mostly drafted, but there is no publication date yet, as I am waiting for further information from my sources. Publication is not far off.

The article will be longer than a typical article, and there is a reason for that. I considered breaking it up into parts, but since it will be the definitive online source for information about Craftline Industries, I decided to present it in its entirety.

Finding information about Craftline Industries has been a long process that began two and a half years ago.

Craftline grandfather clock – why so little information online?

A challenge to anyone who can help unearth the history of the Craftline Clock Company

One year ago (in March 2024), I published a plea, asking why we know so little about a company that once sold fine grandfather and grandmother clocks which adorned living rooms across Canada. At the time, I wrote: ‘Join me in a challenge to uncover information about this company. With enough bits of information, we can piece together a profile of this fine Canadian company.’

As the upcoming article will reveal, I got what I needed—and more.”

June 2025 update

The definitive source on Craftline Industries is an article I authored earlier this year.

From Holocaust Survivor to Canadian Visionary: The Story of Craftline Industries

May 16, 2025 2

How to Prolong the Life of Your Mechanical Clock

It is uncommon for a mechanical clock to run 25, 30 years or more with nothing more done to it other than the occasional oiling. I recently received a letter from someone who had taken his clock to a repair shop, where he was quoted a high price (in my view) for the repair and told that the clock would be guaranteed for 30 years. I wonder if the repair shop would be prepared to honour that guarantee after all those years, assuming they were still in business. In any event, most reputable repair shops would not offer more than a year’s warranty.

_{The movement was serviced and the case refreshed for this Mauthe box clock}

In this post, I will discuss what it means to service a mechanical clock and explore some of the factors that influence how long a clock’s movement will last and how to prolong its life. Those factors will help you decide the best service interval for your antique or vintage clock.

Key Things I Look For

Normally, the clocks in my collection are inspected on a 3-4 year cycle. I remove the movement from its case, check its condition, and if dry, re-oil it. If I notice a particular clock stops occasionally and I find the need to investigate, I will service it simply as a prudent measure. Clocks that stop occasionally are sending a clear message that they require your attention.

_{This movement had just come out of a clock case and to be serviced}

While the movement is out of the case, I inspect it closely, paying particular attention to the condition of the oil around the pivot holes. If there is no oil in a pivot hole, I may simply re-oil the movement. However, if I observe green or black residue around the pivots, it indicates a more serious problem. At that point, dirt and other contaminants have mixed with the clock oil to form an abrasive paste. This paste acts like a fine grinding compound, gradually wearing away the brass in the pivot holes and scoring the steel pivots themselves. In the early stages of residue buildup, there may be little wear, and the movement, once disassembled, may not require re-bushing.

Left unchecked, friction can lead to oval-shaped holes and eventually, a clock that stops running altogether.

A Clock’s Environment

I have addressed this subject in a previous article, which you can find here.

Common Reasons Why Clocks Stop—and How to Diagnose Them

Spring-driven time and strike clocks typically exhibit more wear on the strike side pivots due to the stop-and-start action of the hourly striking action.

Occasionally, I come across a movement where one side is much more worn than the other. I recently worked on a movement that required six bushings on the time side but none on the strike side. A previous owner was evidently bothered by the striking sound, leaving the strike side unwound. The sound of a striking clock is bothersome to some, especially in the early hours of the morning during a restless night. Getting used to a clock chiming or striking through the night can take time.

Here, we’ll distinguish between striking and chiming clocks. A striking clock simply strikes—always on the hour to indicate the time, and often once on the half hour. A chiming clock, on the other hand, plays a musical sequence on each quarter hour and strikes the time on the hour. Quite often, people describe a clock as chiming when, in fact, it only strikes.

With chiming clocks, the chime train is first to respond to additional friction caused by dried oils and dirt. The additional complexity of the chime side means that more parts are subject to wear. The chime will eventually slow down and then stop altogether.

If I notice that I am not getting full power during the clock’s designed running cycle, I will investigate. For example, if a clock consistently stops at day 4 or 5 of its eight-day cycle, this tells me that the movement is either very dirty or there are very worn parts causing the clock to stop prematurely. Beyond that, another culprit is a weak mainspring. I do not routinely replace mainsprings, but it is a common practice among professional clock repair persons.

If your weight-driven clock stops before its designed cycle, check for twisted cables around the winding drum. Another issue is sympathetic vibration when the clock stops as the weights descend. As the weights descended to the level of the pendulum, a harmonic phenomenon occurred that is defined as “a formerly passive string or vibratory body responding to external vibrations to which it has a harmonic likeness”. Simply put; the power that drives the pendulum is now also being used to swing the weights; the pendulum doesn’t receive its full share of energy and eventually stops.

_{Sympathetic vibration has been an issue with this Scottish tall case clock}

Otherwise, a weight-driven clock does not tolerate pivot wear well and will need to be taken apart to investigate for that and other possible issues.

Is the clock in beat? An out-of-beat clock will struggle to run or not run at all. Check that you can hear a steady tick-tock when winding your clock, and level the case as necessary.

I have found that different clocks have different levels of wear tolerance. It doesn’t take much wear to stop a German movement, whereas American time-and-strike clocks will tolerate pivot wear and still run reasonably well, even when very worn.

A kinked suspension spring, or one that is too stiff or the wrong size, can affect the oscillation of the pendulum.

A clock that will not run when the mainsprings are fully wound is often thought to be ‘overwound.’ The term ‘overwound’ is a myth, although it’s true that a tightly coiled spring, fused by old oil and dirt, might give the appearance of being overwound. Again, the clock must be taken apart, and while the mainsprings are being thoroughly cleaned, the entire movement must be seen to as well.

Quite often, I encounter clocks whose movements have been removed so many times that the mounting screws have become loose. This can be addressed by using slightly larger screws or by filling the screw holes before reusing the original screws. If left unaddressed, however, the movement can become unstable. A movement that is not properly secured in the case may shift, become misaligned, and put the movement out of beat.

Sometimes, an unusual problem may occur when the clock stops at the exact time every 12 hours. Check that the minute and hour hands are not interfering with each other.

Servicing a Movement – What Does It Mean?

How often should a mechanical clock be serviced? It is not as simple an answer as it seems.

If your clock does not work, cleaning it is the first step in determining the problem. Cleaning is just another word for servicing, and the term “servicing” in the realm of professional clock repair implies a complete tear-down of the movement.

Though it was a common practice in the past, dunking a movement in solvent and hoping for the best is not a substitute for proper servicing, nor is spraying the clock all over with lubricant. WD-40 is a favorite among novices, but it is not a true lubricant—it’s a water-dispersing agent.

Servicing a clock involves the following 13 steps:

Removing the movement from its case,
Let down the mainsprings (if present),
Assessing the movement,
Disassembling the movement, taking photos, or making notes,
inspecting the parts carefully,
Cleaning the movement either with an ultrasonic cleaner or by hand,
Addressing any wear issues and repairing damage caused by abuse or failed parts.
Reassembling,
Oiling selected components,
Running the movement on a test stand,
Readjusting if necessary,
Reinstalling into the case and,
Re-adjust if necessary

There is no substitute for a complete tear-down of the movement.

Caring for a mechanical clock means more than just winding it and hoping it keeps time. Regular inspection, proper servicing, and attention to signs of wear can go a long way in keeping your clock running well for years to come. Understanding what your clock needs—and when—will help you preserve both its function and its value.

May 9, 2025 1

The Hidden Dangers of Idle Mechanical Clocks

A lot can happen to a mechanical clock over time. Even if your clock is primarily a decorative piece or a cherished family heirloom you’re hesitant to touch for fear of damaging it, it’s still wise to run it occasionally. Read on to learn why.

An Unused Clock

Surprisingly, it’s not regular operation that wears a clock down — it’s the passage of time and the surrounding environment. An idle clock may seem “preserved,” but several slow-acting processes can do more harm than the gentle motion of its gears.

The most immediate issue is oil degradation. Over time, clock oil (especially natural or mineral-based varieties) thickens, becomes sticky, or even congeals into a waxy film or becomes blackened. This thick sludge attracts dust, forming a gritty paste that can damage pivots and bushings if the clock is later restarted without servicing. Even synthetic oils, while more stable, are not immune to age-related breakdown, though many clockmakers agree they deteriorate more slowly and predictably.

Very dirty movement — _{A very dirty movement} _{that would be damaged without a cleaning}

Another concern is oxidation. Brass plates survive well over time, but steel pivots and levers, especially in damp environments, are prone to corrosion. The longer a clock remains idle, the more likely moisture will begin to affect exposed parts, particularly if the movement isn’t well-sealed or has residual acidic contaminants from old oil. In coastal regions or humid climates, this process accelerates significantly.

Idle clocks are more vulnerable than you think

Idle Clocks Are More Vulnerable Than You Think

When the clock is left sitting, its tiny steel pivot ends are especially vulnerable. Over time, they can begin to pit or even lightly fuse to the inside of their bushing holes — a form of micro-seizing. This can lead to hesitation or jerky motion if the clock is later wound and restarted without proper inspection.

Leather parts such as hammer ends, wooden parts, can also dry out or warp over time. If the case is made of wood, as most are, lack of movement combined with seasonal humidity swings can lead to cracking, loose joints, or swelling that shifts the alignment of the movement inside the case. Warped cases or mounting brackets can throw a movement out of beat without any warning.

_{This worn pivot is an example of extreme wear}

Another issue is that clocks not running are often neglected. Dust collects not only inside but also on and around the movement, often unnoticed. A clock that’s quietly sitting for years on a mantel or shelf might seem pristine, but a peek inside can reveal a surprising buildup of cobwebs, dust, or insect debris. I’ve found everything from spider nests to dead cluster flies inside clocks that had simply “sat for a few years.”

All Mechanical Things Age Better When Exercised – Just Like A Car

All mechanical things age better when exercised. All mechanical things age better when exercised, and a clock is no different than a car in this respect. Letting a car sit idle for months or years without driving it leads to flat spots on the tires, battery drain, stale fuel, and dried-out seals. My advice is to run your clocks from time to time — even just once a month. Let the gears move. Let the escapement tick away for a day or two or a complete cycle (a week if it’s an 8-day clock). It’s not only beneficial to the movement, but it also gives you a chance to observe how it’s performing.

And if you’re not quite ready to wind it fully, gently rotating the hands through a full 12-hour cycle once a month can help loosen things up, distribute any remaining oil, and identify warning signs like stiffness, resistance, or skipping.

_{A regulating pinion – not discoverable unless a movement is disassembled}

Running your clock periodically also helps you maintain a connection with it. You’ll be more likely to notice subtle changes — a sluggish tick, a missed chime, a new sound — all of which can tell you something’s off long before a major issue arises. But even if something is slightly off, a service is a precautionary measure.

In my own collection, I maintain a controlled environment: consistent temperature, low humidity, no pets (I have no issue with pets!), and clean air — essentially a museum-like setting. Even so, I schedule regular health checks for all my clocks as a preventative measure.

I have a lot of clocks and I record work done on them to stay organized. I log every servicing, observation, and adjustment in an Excel spreadsheet. This not only helps me track wear patterns and service intervals but also creates a valuable record I can pass along with the clocks themselves, whether to my children or to future caretakers.

If you have only one clock or just a few, simply make a note on a calendar to remind yourself of any actions taken, whether it’s running the clock through a full cycle or even just moving the hands around the dial. You will thank me.

May 2, 2025 9

How to Photograph Clocks Like a Pro: 7 Essential Tips

There are thousands of clock photos on the internet, ranging from stunningly detailed images to blurry, poorly lit snapshots. As an amateur photographer, I appreciate the effort some put into capturing high-quality images, but it’s frustrating to see clocks photographed in poor light, out of focus, or with distracting backgrounds.

Whether you are showcasing a clock for someone to appreciate, preparing a clock for sale, documenting the history of the clock, sharing photos with fellow clock enthusiasts, or recording for repair or maintenance, good photos ensure that the clock’s details, condition, and story are accurately captured, making it easier to appreciate, evaluate, or restore the antique or vintage clock.

A Missed Opportunity: The Case of the Blurry Bracket Clock

I once saw a bracket clock advertised online. The photos were terrible—blurry, dark, and lacking detail. However, I recognized key features and inquired. As it turned out, I was the only one interested! The clock was in excellent condition, the movement looked like it “came off the showroom floor,” and I got it for a bargain. Had the seller taken better photos, they would have likely made much more money.

_{Shooting a clock in a museum is a challenge because of the dependence on available light, glass enclosures, and viewer traffic}

To help you avoid such mistakes, and ensure your photos truly capture the essence of an antique or vintage clock, here are my 7 essential tips for photographing clocks effectively.

1) Camera Choice: Use the Right Tool for the Job

I use a very old Olympus interchangeable lens camera with a 50mm macro lens—old but highly effective and it has excellent macro capability. Macro lenses capture intricate details like dial markings, movement engravings, and gear mechanisms.
If you don’t have a macro lens for your camera, consider:
- Magnifier lenses that screw onto standard lenses
- Bridge cameras, which are budget-friendly and offer good close-up shots
- Telephoto or zoom lenses used at a distance for better focus
Cell phone cameras are constantly improving, and a high-quality model can capture excellent images. However, cropping and zooming can be challenging since most cell phones rely on digital zoom, which reduces image quality and detail when magnified. In addition, there is less creative control with a cell phone.

Bonus Tip:

Some newer Interchangeable lens camera models feature post-capture refocusing—a game-changer for horologists! This function focus stacks multiple images, letting you adjust the focus after taking the shot.

2) Stability: Avoid Camera Shake

If your camera allows you to adjust the shutter speed, set it to at least 1/100 of a second or faster to minimize camera shake and ensure sharper images.
Use a tripod to eliminate blurriness—especially in low-light conditions. I use a professional tripod which I acquired many years ago and it still performs well.
If you don’t have a tripod, try:
- Place the camera on a steady pile of books
- Place the camera on a secure surface, stage the shot, and use a remote shutter release or a timer to avoid shaking

_{Photo of a clock plate} _{taken with a macro lens and tripod}

_{Museum shot using reflected light to best advantage}

3) Lighting: Good Light = Great Photos

Lighting can make or break a photo. Here’s how to get it right:

Use natural light whenever possible—place the clock near a window so the light falls on the clock for soft, even illumination.
Avoid using a harsh flash, as it can cause glare by reflecting off glass and metal surfaces. If you’re using direct lighting, make sure to position the light in a way that prevents reflections on glass surfaces.
Indirect lighting works best. If needed, use a continuous lighting kit or a softbox for diffused light.
Use reflectors (a white sheet, foam board, or even aluminum foil) to bounce light into shadows.

Cracked center pinion Gilbert — _{A close-up showing a cracked centre pinion on a Gilbert wall clock}

_{Using natural light to illuminate a Vienna Regulator}

Bonus Tip:

If your camera allows lossless shooting in Raw format, shoot in RAW to adjust color temperature in post-processing for accurate tones.

_{Close-up of a Vienna Regulator dial, highlighting its details} _{– shot in RAW to adjust tone and colour temperature}

_{A fleeting moment of sunlight reflecting off the dial} _{of a Scottish tall case clock}

4) Minimize Distractions: Keep the Focus on the Clock

A cluttered background distracts from your subject.
Remove unnecessary objects or use a neutral backdrop (a white bedsheet works in a pinch).
Consider a macro lens with a large aperture to separate the object from its background so as to blur the background and make the clock or part of a clock stand out.

Gilbert model 2038 movement — _{Magnifying a specific section}

_{Close-up shots can highlight details but marks and imperfections as well}

5) Cropping: Less Is More

Crop out unnecessary distractions for a cleaner, more impactful image.
Focus on key details, such as:
- Clock faces
- Movements
- Engravings
- Pendulum design

_{View of a movement with top plate removed} _{– cropped}

6) Composition: Guide the Viewer’s Eye

Good composition makes an image stand out. Here’s how:

_{A fully opened macro lens creates a blurred background, resulting in a dramatic photo}

_{A clock in a natural setting} _{with light coming from behind the camera}

Use a large aperture (low f-stop) to create depth, drawing focus to key areas.
Follow the Rule of Thirds—place the clock slightly off-center for a balanced composition.
Experiment with angles and lighting to showcase details and avoid shooting straight-on.

Junghans Corner feet finished — _{Soft, indirect lighting brings out the intricate details of this bracket clock.}

7) Resize for the Web

Large images slow down websites. Resize them before uploading.
some websites have image size limits. The image will not be accepted for publication otherwise.
800–1200 pixels wide or an image under 1 mb is usually ideal for online use.
Resizing also helps protect your images from unauthorized use if copyright protection is a priority.
If you are a blogger resizing your images before uploading not only improves website performance but also helps conserve storage space on your server. Large image files can take up unnecessary storage, so optimizing them ensures a smoother experience for both you and your readers.

Final Thoughts

Photographing clocks isn’t just about taking a picture—it’s about telling a story. Whether you’re selling, showcasing, or documenting a restoration, good photography enhances appreciation and value.

Do you have any photography tips of your own? Share them in the comments!

March 11, 2025 5

Why Nova Scotia Should Eliminate Daylight Saving Time

When local daylight time approaches Sunday, November 3, 2024, at 2:00 AM, clocks will be set back one hour to 1:00 AM local standard time instead. As a result, on November 3, 2024, sunrise and sunset will occur approximately one hour earlier than the previous day. This change means there will be more daylight in the morning and less in the evening, which may be viewed positively or negatively depending on your perspective on whether to maintain daylight saving time or eliminate it altogether.

While DST was initially implemented to save energy by extending daylight hours, studies have shown that the actual energy savings are minimal, and in some cases, it may even lead to increased energy consumption due to factors like air conditioning usage. Businesses may face disruptions during the transitions due to scheduling conflicts and decreased productivity, as employees adjust to the time change.

Some argue that the original environmental benefits of DST are no longer relevant due to changes in modern energy consumption patterns and lifestyles.

Spring Forward | Fall Back

“Spring Forward – Fall Back” is a phrase most often heard in the USA and Canada. In North America the word “fall” is used to denote the season, while other English-speaking countries call it autumn. Set your clocks forward 1 hour in the spring at the start of DST (Daylight Saving Time), and 1 hour back in the fall when DST ends.

Records show that the phrase “spring forward, fall back” has been in use at least as far back as the early 20th century. It is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times.

Not all regions observe DST, which can create confusion and complications for scheduling across time zones, particularly for businesses and travel.

Let’s eliminate DST!

I suggest everyone contact their local government representative to advocate for this change.

I have recently written my government representative to address this matter.

Dear Sir,

I hope this letter finds you well. As a constituent in your riding, I would like to raise a matter of public interest that I believe would benefit many people across our province: the elimination of Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Nova Scotia.

While originally introduced with the intention of conserving energy, there is growing evidence that Daylight Saving Time no longer serves this purpose effectively. Studies have shown that the energy savings are minimal, if not non-existent, in modern times. Moreover, the biannual time changes disrupt sleep patterns, negatively affect mental and physical health, and contribute to increased workplace and road accidents in the days immediately following the switch.

Many regions across the world have already moved to eliminate DST, recognizing the advantages of maintaining a consistent time schedule year-round. In Canada, several provinces, including British Columbia and Ontario, have considered or are already making steps towards abandoning the practice. The province of Quebec is also probing the time change drop.

Nova Scotians, like others, would benefit from this shift. Adopting a consistent time schedule year-round would improve productivity, support public health, and reduce confusion for businesses and individuals. Additionally, many people today are calling for more stability in their routines, which this change would support.

As my MLA, I encourage you to advocate for the discontinuation of Daylight Saving Time in Nova Scotia. I believe this move would be widely appreciated by many residents, and I am hopeful that it can become a part of the legislative agenda in the near future.

Thank you for your time and attention to this matter. I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this issue and any steps that may be taken in this direction.

Sincerely,
Ron Joiner

November 1, 2024

Clearing Up “Vintage” and “Antique” Confusion for Collectors

The Confusion Between the Terms Antique and Vintage

Among clock collectors and owners of older items, there’s considerable confusion surrounding the correct use of the terms “antique” and “vintage.” These terms are often used interchangeably, and more often than not, incorrectly. According to U.S. law, an “antique” refers to items that are over 100 years old.

Webster’s American dictionary describes an antique as “a work of art, piece of furniture, or decorative object that comes from an earlier period, typically at least a century ago”. Wikipedia supports this view, applying the term “antique” to objects 100 years or older. In short, most sources define “antique” as items that have crossed the 100-year mark.

Rural Nova Scotia antique shop — _{Much of what is found in an “antique store” are vintage and collectible items}

What Does “Vintage” Mean?

The word “vintage,” according to eBay, applies to items that are less than 100 years old but more than 30 years old. However, in everyday conversation, the term often describes anything that is not new, appears worn, or simply looks old—sometimes without any understanding of its actual age or origin. This casual misuse has caused “vintage” to become as overused as “antique.”

Auctions and Marketing Buzzwords

In online auctions, the word “vintage” has become more commonplace. Sellers who know little about the items they are offering frequently label them as “vintage” or “rare,” hoping to appeal to potential buyers. Items that were once considered rare—like the 30-hour Ogee clock—have become much more common with the rise of the internet, where thousands are now available for sale, causing prices to plummet.

Nowadays, a truly rare clock is often one that has significant provenance or is a one-of-a-kind piece.

The Misuse of “Collectible”

“Collectible” is another marketing term that, like “vintage,” has been overused. It suggests that the item is desirable and belongs in your collection, often inflating its perceived value. But just because something is called “collectible” doesn’t always mean it’s valuable.

Jewelry: A Special Category

When it comes to jewelry, anything over 20 years old is frequently classified as vintage. You might also come across terms like “near vintage” or “true vintage,” though there’s no clear definition for these phrases. These terms can be arbitrary, with sellers often assigning their own meaning to them.

Thoughts on Age and Value

Age alone does not guarantee value because the worth of an item is influenced by a combination of rarity, demand, condition, and historical significance. Many clocks that are simply “old” may lack these additional qualities. For instance, mass-produced clocks from past decades may have little value if they were made in abundance (again, the 30-hour Ogee clock) and do not have distinguishing features, craftsmanship, or historical connections.

Also, if an item has deteriorated beyond repair or lacks appeal to collectors, it may not hold much worth despite its age.

Value is often shaped by the significance people assign to it, whether due to its aesthetic, cultural, or nostalgic relevance. Without those added dimensions, something might just be old rather than genuinely valuable.

Case in Point: Dating a Particular Arthur Pequegnat Clock

In my collection, I have an Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time clock that is undoubtedly old, but I cannot pinpoint its exact year of manufacture. The company produced the Canadian Time model between 1917 and 1941, but the movement and case design do not provide a definitive clue to narrow down its age any further.

While I can’t pinpoint the exact year, the clock was manufactured between 1917 and 1941. As we are now in 2024, even the latest possible date for its production (1941, the year of the company’s demise) puts the clock at 83 years old, edging closer to the 100-year threshold that defines an antique. If the clock were produced in the earlier part of that range, it would already be over 100 years old, meeting the criteria for being considered an antique.

Classifying the Canadian Time clock as an antique also acknowledges its historical and cultural value. The clock embodies the craftsmanship and design aesthetics of early 20th-century clocks, capturing a snapshot of that era’s manufacturing techniques and style. This designation also reflects its quality and the ongoing appeal it holds for collectors and historians alike.

If I were to sell it I would classify it as an antique.

What Truly Matters

Whether your clock is antique, vintage, or collectible, the most important thing is that you enjoy it. Ultimately, a clock’s true value lies in the stories it tells, the memories it holds, and the joy it brings to its owner—qualities that transcend any label or age.

October 29, 2024

How to Keep Your Clock In Beat

You have just brought a clock that was running smoothly when you first saw it. You bring it home, select a location to display it, reattach the pendulum, and give it a slight push but after a few seconds, it stops. One crucial aspect of keeping a mechanical clock functioning properly is making sure it is “in beat.”

This article assumes that your clock is equipped with a pendulum rather than a balance wheel or platform escapement. A pendulum on a clock is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely back and forth. The pendulum’s regular, consistent motion is used to regulate the time on your clock.

What does In-beat Mean

When a clock is “in beat,” it means that the pendulum swings symmetrically, with equal time intervals between the ticks and tocks. This even rhythm ensures that the escapement releases energy consistently, which is essential for keeping accurate time. You will hear a steady “tick-tock” rhythm, with equal spacing between each tick and tock.

If the rhythm sounds irregular—like “tick-tick… tock-tock” or has uneven gaps—the clock is out of beat, meaning the pendulum is not swinging properly in balance.

As the pendulum swings, it controls the release of the clock’s escapement, which allows the gear train to move in a controlled manner, driving the clock’s hands forward.

How to Correct a Clock That’s Out of Beat

Method 1: Tilting the Clock

One way to fix a clock that’s out of beat is by gently tilting it sideways while listening for the sound to become even. Once you hear an even tick-tock pattern, prop the clock in place to maintain the tilt. While this method works, the clock may end up looking tilted and uneven in its position.

Method 2: Adjusting the Crutch

The second method is more precise and involves adjusting the crutch. The crutch is the rod that extends down from the pallets and rocks back and forth with the escape wheel. The pendulum rod passes through a crutch loop or fork at the end of the crutch, and it’s important to ensure the pendulum rod sits in the middle of the loop without being too tight or too loose. The crutch connects to the pendulum leader, which is then attached to a post with a suspension spring.

Mauthe movement back plate — _{Movement crutch and pendulum leader}

For mantel clocks, making this adjustment is relatively straightforward, as they usually feature rear access doors. Through these doors, you can easily reach the crutch, pendulum rod, and bob. If your clock has a wire crutch (brass wire is pliable), gently bending the wire slightly at the midpoint in either direction will help correct the beat.

For English and German-style clocks, you can make a slight adjustment to the crutch on one side or the other since the crutch is connected to the escapement arbour and fits snugly but moves enough to make an adjustment. Moving it alters the entry and drop of the escapement pallet and corrects the beat.

Additionally, you may need to adjust the height of the escapement by loosening two screws on the suspension spring post and repositioning the pallet, a process that requires time and patience and is best performed on a movement test stand.

Wall clocks, on the other hand, require more effort to perform a beat adjustment. To access the crutch on a wall clock, you’ll need to remove the hands— the minute hand is held by a screw or pin, and the hour hand pulls off— and then remove the dial, which is usually attached with screws. Once these parts are removed the crutch can be adjusted.

Minor beat adjustments on wall clocks can also be made by slightly tilting the clock. The tilt may or may not be noticeable.

A One-Time Procedure

The good news is that you’ll only need to adjust the beat once. Whether your clock is a wall clock, mantel clock, time-only, time and strike, or time, strike, and chime, the principles remain the same. This is a straightforward DIY procedure, so professional help is not necessary.

Moving the Clock

If you relocate the clock to a different spot, it’s often necessary to repeat the process of checking and adjusting it to be in-beat. This is because changes in the environment, such as variations in surface level or vibration from nearby activities, can affect the pendulum’s swing. After moving the clock, always recheck if it is in beat. You may need to re-adjust the pendulum’s crutch to ensure a smooth and even tick-tock rhythm.

Final thoughts

If your clock is not running and efforts to put it in beat have no effect, several underlying issues require remediation. If there is significant wear of the pivots or pivot holes, wear in the pinions, there are broken components, or dried oil creating friction in the movement, all of which may need attention to restore the movement’s function.

After the movement has been serviced, adjusting the clock to be in-beat becomes a much easier task.

For a more comprehensive or technical examination, horological journals, articles, and bulletins provide in-depth insights into the physics of escapement design and theory. However, I trust that this simple explanation will suffice.

There’s something wonderfully calming about the rhythmic ticking of a perfectly in-beat clock.

October 25, 2024

Fall Getaway in Central Canada: Our Thanksgiving Tradition

Every year, my wife and I embark on a fall getaway to our cottage in central Canada to celebrate Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving is a time to express gratitude for the harvest and the blessings of the past year, celebrated with family and friends. It signifies togetherness, reflection, and the importance of giving thanks for life’s abundance. In Canada, Thanksgiving is celebrated in October.

This change of scenery offers us the perfect chance to relax with a few good books and spend quality time with friends and neighbours over a glass (or two) of wine and enjoy roast turkey and all the fixings.

With many of my blog posts written ahead of time, there will be no interruptions in the content I share throughout the fall getaway. As always, you can expect fresh posts on Tuesdays and Fridays at 6:00 am AST.

My blog continues to feature my clock collection, the joys and challenges of maintaining and restoring vintage and antique clocks, and a wealth of horological topics of interest.

While I may be a bit slower in responding to emails and blog comments during this time, rest assured that your questions and feedback are important to me and will be addressed.

During our travels, we’ll likely discover new clocks while browsing antique stores, flea markets, and junk shops. You can look forward to fresh stories, repair challenges, and perhaps a new major restoration project.

Feel free to use the search box to browse past articles, or click “follow” to have clock-related posts delivered directly to your inbox every few days. I hope you enjoy reading these posts as much as I enjoy researching and writing them!

October 22, 2024

Assessing Antique and Vintage Clock Values: Key Factors

Every clock owner wants to know what their clock is worth, and every seller hopes to sell for as much as possible. This guide offers a framework to evaluate antique and vintage clocks for both buyers and sellers, starting with insights into the unpredictable clock market.

The Unpredictable Clock Market

Determining the value of a clock is often challenging. The market fluctuates, and what you think your clock is worth today may not align with expert opinions or what buyers are willing to pay. Trends come and go, and the value of clocks can drop or rise unexpectedly.

For example, I once came across a mid-1990s Howard Miller grandfather clock listed on Facebook Marketplace for $3,000. After several days with minimal interest, the seller gradually lowered the price to $1,500, but it still did not sell. In reality, it was only worth around $500 on a good day.

This shows how subjective personal value can be, and the reality is that modern clocks, like many Ridgeway or Howard Miller models, often do not hold their original value. What you believe holds significant value may not align with what potential buyers are willing to pay.

Even an appraised value is just an educated opinion, reflecting current market conditions, the clock’s condition, and its collectibility. As market trends shift, the value of a clock can change significantly.

Factors in Assessing Clock Value

Is It Original?
Originality significantly impacts value. Clocks with replaced or missing parts tend to lose their appeal to collectors. Many “Vienna Regulators” found online, for example, are hybrids of mismatched cases and movements. In some instances, parts are missing altogether.

Clocks marketed as “complete and original” by sellers who admit they know little about clocks should be approached with extreme caution. Always verify the clock’s parts with an expert or a reputable auction house to ensure accuracy.

What Type or Style Is It?
The style or type of clock affects value. While common American mantel clocks may be worth little due to their mass production, specific models like the E.N. Welch “Patti” line or Seth Thomas Sonora clocks command high prices.

Wall clocks, especially those from the 19th century made in limited quantities, generally hold a higher value than mantel clocks which were produced in the thousands.

Grandfather clocks, also known as hall clocks, longcase, or tallcase clocks, can often be acquired for a fraction of their value, despite many that are 150+ years old. Tall clocks are bulky, requiring significant floor space. Many people don’t have the room or the inclination to accommodate such large items, especially in smaller or more modern living spaces.

A Label, Trademark, or Prominent Name adds Value
An intact label, trademark, or known maker adds value. A clock with a visible maker’s mark, such as an E. Howard or an original Willard banjo clock, is often sought after due to their craftsmanship and brand recognition.

A label, trademark, or maker’s mark verifies the clock’s authenticity, confirming that it is an original piece from a recognized manufacturer. This eliminates doubts about whether the clock is a reproduction or a mix of parts, which increases its value to collectors.

Canadian Time label — _{Pequegnat Canadian Time clock label}

A visible maker’s mark or label helps establish the clock’s provenance, providing important information about its origin, manufacturer, and production period. Clocks with clear histories, especially from reputable makers, are more desirable because they can be accurately placed within historical or stylistic contexts.

A clock’s history can boost its value. A story or historical significance attached to a clock, or a clock with a clear and documented background may attract more buyers and command a higher price.

Reproduction labels or unmarked movements raise red flags for serious collectors.

The Correct Period or a Reproduction?
Period authenticity is key. Many reproduction clocks closely resemble originals from the early 1900s but have far less value. For example, Seth Thomas reissued its famous Regulator #2 in the 1970s, but collectors prefer the originals from the late 1800s, which have clearer distinguishing features.

Reproduction clocks are often made with modern manufacturing techniques and less expensive materials, resulting in a lower quality product compared to hand-crafted originals. Collectors and buyers appreciate the craftsmanship of original clocks, which were made with more attention to detail and durability.

_{Some sellers would pass off this 1970s Jauch clock as an antique}

Original clocks from the early 1900s carry historical value due to their connection to a specific time period, reflecting the craftsmanship, design, and technology of that era. Reproduction clocks, even if they mimic the look of the originals, lack this historical significance, making them less valuable to collectors.

Novice collectors are often tempted by reproductions (particularly if the clock is passed off as original), and if they’re uncertain, they should consult a professional for guidance.

Age and Condition
A clock’s condition is crucial to its value. Clocks with missing pieces, broken hands, or poorly repainted dials are worth much less, even if they are from reputable makers. Age alone does not guarantee value—certain styles or makers, despite being centuries old, may not be popular among collectors.

Some buyers are specifically looking for clocks in original, unrestored condition, even with signs of wear. Restoration can eliminate the clock’s patina, which is often considered part of its historical appeal.

A well-functioning clock is more appealing to buyers. Properly repairing the movement restores its functionality, often increasing its resale value, as people are naturally drawn to a working clock.

In some cases, restoring a clock too thoroughly—by polishing, repainting, or replacing parts—can strip away its historical character. Over-restored clocks may look “too new,” which can detract from their antique charm and value.

Arthur Pequegnat fantop — _{Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf fantop restored case}

The cost of repairing or refinishing a clock may outweigh the potential increase in resale value. If the clock isn’t particularly rare or valuable, to begin with, investing heavily in restoration may not yield a return in the marketplace. Sellers often do not service their clocks, either because they lack the necessary skills or because the cost of repair doesn’t justify the potential profit.

Is the Clock Collectible?
Desirability can be influenced by rarity and regional interest. For instance, Arthur Pequegnat clocks are highly sought after in Canada but may fetch lower prices outside the country. True Vienna Regulators from the early 19th century are another example of rare clocks that remain valuable, especially when they are original and authentic.

The Mechanism Type
The complexity of a clock’s mechanism can impact its value. Clocks with a three-train mechanism (time, strike, and chime) tend to be more valuable than simpler two-train or one-train models.

Clocks with more complex mechanisms, such as those with three-train movements, demonstrate a higher level of craftsmanship. These mechanisms control multiple functions, like chiming, striking, and keeping time, requiring greater precision and skill in their design and assembly. As a result, clocks with such elaborate mechanisms are often considered superior and more desirable, elevating their market value.

More complex mechanisms, like three-weight Vienna Regulator Grande Sonnerie clocks, are generally rarer than their single- or two-train counterparts. The production of these complex movements required more skill and was often reserved for higher-end models or special commissions, making them less common and more sought after by collectors. Their scarcity in the market can drive up their value, especially when the clock is in good working condition with original parts.

Collectors often prioritize clocks with intricate mechanisms because they showcase the ingenuity and technological advancements of their time. The presence of a three-train mechanism, or a clock with additional complications like chiming or an alarm, indicates a higher level of mechanical achievement. These clocks are often seen as more valuable historical artifacts, and their complexity can make them the centerpiece of a collection.

On the flip side, clocks with more complex mechanisms can be harder and more expensive to repair or maintain, which may deter some buyers. A three-train movement has more moving parts that could potentially break down or require servicing, and specialized knowledge is often needed to repair them. However, collectors willing to invest in these repairs typically appreciate the value of the clock and understand that the effort is worth it.

Do Your Research and Meet the Seller In Person!

Before buying or selling a clock, check eBay listings, reputable auction houses, local buy-and-sell sites, antique shops, and online message boards. Prices can be volatile, and what may have sold for a high price years ago may be worth much less today. For example, some clocks that were once highly valued, are now relatively inexpensive due to oversupply.

As a buyer, ask detailed questions and verify originality before making a purchase. Sellers should provide an honest and clear description of their clock, disclosing any replaced parts or modifications. Keep in mind that while the clock market may seem chaotic, high-end, sought-after clocks tend to retain their value over time.

Meeting the seller face to face is often the best approach. A personal meeting allows buyers to gauge the seller’s honesty and integrity, making them feel more secure in their purchase.

Seeing the clock in person allows the buyer to closely inspect its condition, functionality, and any potential issues that may not be apparent in photos. This firsthand assessment helps buyers make informed decisions about the clock’s value and condition. They can check for labels, trademarks, and other identifying features that may influence the clock’s value. Buyers can also evaluate the quality of craftsmanship and materials up close.

Face-to-face meetings provide a better opportunity for negotiation. Buyers can engage in real-time discussions, express their concerns, and potentially negotiate a fair price based on the clock’s condition and market value. In-person interactions often lead to more flexible negotiations than online communications.

Sellers who are passionate about their clocks can provide detailed information about the piece’s history, repairs, and provenance often enhancing the buying experience and adding value to the transaction.

Photos can be misleading, and details may be overlooked in written descriptions. Meeting the seller face to face reduces the risk of misrepresentation, as buyers can directly address any discrepancies they find during their inspection.

Meeting in person can eliminate the need for shipping, which can be costly and risky for fragile antique clocks. Buyers can transport the clock themselves, ensuring it arrives safely.

If you have any doubts or the answers you’re receiving from the seller seem uncertain, always—without exception—be prepared to walk away.

Now is a good time to buy or sell

Now is an excellent time to buy, as many bargains can be found with careful research. For sellers, patience and realistic expectations are key. Understanding the market, setting fair prices, and presenting items attractively will increase your chances of success. Whether buying or selling, doing your homework is essential to navigating this unpredictable landscape.

October 18, 2024

The Stories Behind My Antique and Vintage Clocks

I often wonder about the stories behind my clocks.

Antique and vintage clocks evoke a time when life seemed simpler, a stark contrast to today’s frenetic pace. Old clocks serve as living memories, cherished relics of people and places that are long gone but not forgotten.

Ideally, they should be passed down through generations. Yet, when I look at online marketplaces, it’s clear that many clocks no longer stay within their original families. I can’t help but wonder—has sentimentality lost its place in today’s world?

Out of the 35 clocks displayed throughout our home (a small part of my collection), I wish I knew the stories behind every single one of them. If only they could talk! What tales they would share.

Still, two of my clocks come with stories that I hold dear to my heart.

_{Junghans Crispi time and strike wall clock}

One of my clocks survived the 1917 Halifax Explosion. It is a Junghans Crispi wall clock. I know this because the previous owner had kept it in their family for over 100 years. It wasn’t in the condition you see it in today, though. It came to me as a box of parts, and I imagine they decided it was time to let it go after holding onto it for so long. They hoped that whoever bought it would bring it back to its former glory.

After restoring the clock, I contacted the former owner to show them what I’d done, sending them a photo of the clock in its restored state. I never heard back and I assume they experienced a bit of seller’s remorse.

However, I often look at the clock and try to imagine that fateful day, December 6, 1917, when it fell from the wall in a modest North Halifax home and broke into dozens of pieces.

Another story belongs to my Ingraham Huron shelf clock (circa 1878). It was a rare find considering it was made between 1878 and 1880. Some might call the style a balloon clock. It came from a small village outside Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. My wife and I made a day of the trip, enjoying lunch and some shopping after picking up the clock from an elderly couple who were in the process of separating.

The clock’s story unfolded when we met the couple selling it. The gentleman, in his early seventies, recalled seeing the clock in his grandmother’s home when he was a child. After some conversation, we learned that the couple was separating amicably, with the wife planning to move into an apartment nearby. “We need to get rid of a lot of stuff,” he told us. It was a bittersweet moment, knowing they were parting with something tied to childhood memories. My wife and I left with the clock, reflecting on how our connection to objects, even sentimental ones, can change over time.

It seems sentimentality can have a price. People grow tired of the things they once cherished or feel the need to unburden themselves of objects tied to past relationships and memories. Nostalgia can bring comfort, but for some, it may not be enough to hold onto the past.

I often wonder what will happen to my clocks when I’m gone. My wife knows that I’m not emotionally attached to all of them. Some were simply acquisitions that served to give me projects that helped me grow as a hobbyist. Yet, there are several clocks that I hope my children will keep—the ones I’ve spent countless hours restoring, the ones with stories and history.

Among them are my twelve Arthur Pequegnat Canadian-made clocks, two Vienna regulators, a Seth Thomas Empire-style clock, a Sessions Beveled No. 2, my Ingraham Huron, and my Junghans Crispi wall clock.

These clocks represent a blend of history, personal connection, and the passion I’ve poured into them. I think my kids will appreciate that.

September 20, 2024

How to Remove and Service a Mainspring Enclosed in a Clock Barrel

A clock spring barrel is a cylindrical component found in spring-driven clocks. Its primary function is to house the mainspring, which stores energy to power the clock.

The mainspring barrel works like this

The mainspring is a tightly coiled strip of metal that, when wound, stores potential energy. The barrel holds the mainspring in place and allows it to unwind in a controlled manner, releasing energy to drive the clock’s gears and ultimately the hands.

The arbour, a shaft running through the center of the barrel, is connected to the winding mechanism by means of a gear. One end of the arbour accommodates a key, used to wind the spring. The other end of the arbour connects to the movement plate. When wound, the arbour twists the mainspring, storing energy. As the mainspring unwinds, it turns the barrel, which transmits power to the clock’s gear train. And that’s it!

_{A time-only clock made by Empire with a single barrel}

A typical clock may have one, two, or even three barrels.

In a clock with a single barrel, the mainspring powers only a timekeeping train. Clocks with two barrels use one to power the time train and the other for the strike train. In clocks with three barrels, each barrel powers a separate function: one for the time train, one for the strike train, and one for the chime function.

Why remove the mainspring

Part of servicing a clock movement involves checking and cleaning the mainsprings.

Over time, the mainspring(s) can accumulate old oil, dirt, and debris, which can impede its smooth operation. Removing the mainspring from the barrel allows for proper cleaning and lubrication, ensuring the clock runs efficiently.

Removing the spring allows you to apply fresh mainspring oil evenly along the entire length of the spring. But that is not the only reason.

Mainsprings can weaken, crack, or break after years of use.

Removing the mainspring from the barrel allows you to thoroughly inspect it for any signs of wear, fatigue, or damage that might require replacement. If the spring is in good condition but the hook end is cracked, it can be reused by cutting the spring and fashioning a new hook end. However, this will make the spring slightly shorter. This task is best suited for an experienced clockmaker. That said, the most straightforward solution is to simply replace the spring.

If the mainspring is no longer functioning properly (e.g., losing power too quickly, damaged, or completely broken), it must be removed and replaced.

Broken mainspring for barrel — _{Broken mainspring}

Regular maintenance, including removing the mainspring when necessary, helps prolong the life of the clock and ensures reliable running.

Remove the barrel from the clock movement:

Complete disassembly of the movement is necessary before working on the mainspring barrels. However, it’s worth noting that some German clocks are designed to allow the barrel to be removed without fully disassembling the entire movement, provided that only a broken mainspring needs to be replaced/repaired.

Ensure the mainspring is fully unwound before proceeding. If it is still wound, use a let-down tool to gradually release the tension.

The barrel consists of a cylindrical case and a cap. The cap is press-fitted in place and must be removed.

Hold the barrel in a gloved hand with the cap facing your palm (and the arbour between fingers), then give it a quick tap against a block of wood. The shoulder on the arbour inside the cap is enough to be able to supply even pressure to the centre of the cap and pop it off. This method ensures that there is no damage, and no scratches, plus it’s very simple to do.

Exercise caution to prevent bending or damaging the barrel. Although a screwdriver can be used to pry open the barrel, the risk of bending the cap or causing unsightly scratches is too great.

A mainspring winder

Attach the mainspring to a mainspring winder by securing the inner end of the mainspring to the winding arbor of the tool.

Mauthe Horse Crown spring barrel in Olie Baker spring winder — _{Mainspring barrel in Olie Baker spring winder, collar readied for the spring}

Wind the mainspring slightly to loosen it from the barrel walls. Insert an appropriately sized mainspring collar and slowly unwind the mainspring into the collar and then gently remove it from the barrel.

_{Use thick leather gloves to handle the mainspring}

Wind the spring again to remove it from the collar and then relax the spring for servicing.

The mainspring is inspected for damage, dirt, or rust. I use a Scotch-Brite scouring pad to clean the mainspring of dirt and debris. After cleaning, I wipe the spring with a soft cloth to remove any residue, and then lubricate it with Keystone mainspring oil.

After servicing, it is time to reinsert the mainspring into the barrel. Wind the mainspring tightly, place the collar back on, and secure the spring within it. Insert the collared spring into the barrel, ensuring the hook end catches on the notch inside. Finally, remove the collar and carefully unwind the spring into the barrel.

Using a mainspring winder such as one made by Olie Baker is the safest and easiest method for removing and re-installing the spring, as it ensures controlled release.

A mainspring can be removed manually, and there are plenty of YouTube videos available that demonstrate how to do it “properly.”

In Summary

It’s important to mention that there are specific barrel issues, such as broken catches or bulging barrels, which fall outside the scope of this article.

The mainspring barrel houses the mainspring and enables controlled energy release to drive the clock’s gears and hands. Proper maintenance of the mainspring, including its removal for cleaning and inspection, is essential to prolong the clock’s life. Regular servicing, including checking for wear and replacing damaged mainsprings, helps maintain the clock’s performance and longevity.

September 17, 2024

Mechanical Clocks Guide | Tips for Selecting the Ideal Antique or Vintage Clock Gift

Are you searching for a unique gift for a friend or family member? Have you ever considered giving an antique or vintage clock? It is the perfect, memorable gift.

Whether you’re familiar with antique and vintage clocks or completely new to the world of horology, you will need guidance in finding the right clock for that special someone. Here are a few pointers, along with explanations of some common terms you face.

Why Choose an Antique or Vintage Clock?

Last year, I sold a clock to a young woman looking for a unique gift for her father. She told me it was exactly what she wanted because it reminded her of a clock they had when she was a child. Sentimental value, a love for antiques, a return to our simpler past, or the unique charm of an old mechanical clock are reasons why people are drawn to these timeless clocks.

Antique, Vintage or Collectible

Determining the age of a clock can be challenging, especially since listings often don’t specify the exact year the clock was made. However, you might come across phrases like “mid-century”, antique, collectible, or vintage which can give you a general sense of its age. A quick search online can also help you narrow it down.

As a rule of thumb, an antique is something that is over 100 years old, while a vintage item is between 30 and 100 years old. Anything less than 30 years old may sometimes be considered vintage, but it’s often labeled as collectible instead.

Choosing the Right Type of Clock

Space is a key consideration.

With the trend toward smaller homes, not everyone has room for a large clock. Mantel clocks, for instance, require a shelf or table. Some are small, time-only pieces, while others have more complex movements like Westminster chimes and are housed in larger cases. Alarm and desk clocks are the most compact.

Wall clocks are easier to place and come in a wide range of sizes, from small cuckoo clocks to large box clocks and Vienna regulators.

Floor clocks, also known as grandfather or grandmother clocks, tall-case, long-case, or hall clocks, are the hardest to accommodate. Unless the recipient has sufficient floor space and an appreciation for such a clock, it will not be the best choice.

What About a Non-Working Clock?

A working clock that has been recently serviced by a skilled clock repairer is ideal. However, if the clock is intended more as a decorative piece, a non-working clock may be less expensive. Just be cautious if it has a replacement quartz movement and know what you’re buying.

Tips for Buying a Clock

Here are a few tips to keep in mind:

Look for a working clock; it’s more likely to have been well cared for.
Consider sources like Facebook Marketplace, eBay, local online for-sale sites (in Nova Scotia, we have Kijiji), reputable estate auctions, antique stores, and word of mouth.
Most common clocks are reasonably priced because they are plentiful though rare or historically significant ones can be more expensive.
Meet the seller in person if you can. You can check the condition of the item firsthand, which might reveal issues not visible in photos or descriptions. You can ask the seller questions directly about the item’s history, usage, and any other details that might be important. You can verify the authenticity of the item, which is particularly important for valuable or collectible items and you can often negotiate the price more effectively in person.
Avoid clocks made in China or Korea, especially those with directional arrows around the winding points. They look inexpensive and are made with cost-saving in mind. The powerful mainsprings of a 31-day movement can be dangerous if they break.
The brand of the clock isn’t necessarily important. Many American clockmakers produced both high-end and budget-friendly models.
Consider whether it matters to you if the clock has been altered. For example, many old ogee clocks have had their movements replaced when the original failed. In the clock world, these are called marriages, and they may or may not be important to you.
Whenever possible, carefully inspect the clock in person before purchasing. Surprises are rarely pleasant when your online purchase doesn’t meet expectations.

A little research goes a long way, but knowing nothing is worse than knowing just a little.

I hope these tips give you something to consider as you search for that perfect clock. While I’m not in the business of selling clocks, I do occasionally sell one locally to keep my collection manageable.

September 10, 2024

Dive into Antique Clocks: Restoration, History, and Reader Engagement | as per ChatGPT

My daughter asked ChatGPT for the most popular antique clock websites, and it provided a top ten list. Antiquevintageclock.com ranked number 9.

I found the description of the site description interesting and accurate, so I’ll quote ChatGPT’s findings.

_{The author at work on a clock movement}

The Antique and Vintage Clocks Blog (found at [antiquevintageclock.com](http://antiquevintageclock.com)) is a dedicated resource for enthusiasts interested in the history, restoration, and maintenance of antique and vintage clocks. This blog is run by a passionate collector and restorer who shares detailed insights into various clock models, repair techniques, and the historical significance of different timepieces.

Key Features of the Blog:

1. Restoration Projects: – The blog frequently features detailed posts about clock restoration projects, showing before-and-after photos, and explaining the processes involved in bringing an old clock back to life. These posts are valuable for anyone interested in learning how to restore their own clocks.

2. Historical Context: – In addition to technical advice, the blog provides historical background on various clockmakers, styles, and movements. This context helps readers appreciate the cultural and technological significance of the clocks they own or wish to purchase.

3. Step-by-Step Guides: – The author often publishes step-by-step guides on topics such as cleaning, oiling, and repairing clock mechanisms. These guides are written in a clear and accessible manner, making them useful for both beginners and more experienced collectors.

_{A barrel is opened up to prepare for mainspring maintenance}

4. Clock Reviews: – The blog includes reviews and analyses of specific clock models, highlighting their unique features, historical value, and what to look for when buying similar pieces.

5. Reader Engagement: – The blog encourages interaction with its readers through comments and questions, creating a community of clock enthusiasts who share tips, advice, and experiences.

The Antique and Vintage Clocks Blog is particularly useful for individuals looking to deepen their understanding of antique and vintage clocks and how to care for them, offering a blend of technical knowledge and historical appreciation.

I was delighted to see how accurate and thorough the description was. It perfectly captures the essence of my blog and the dedication I put into each post. The detailed breakdown of the site’s features truly reflects my passion and knowledge that make it such a valuable resource for antique and vintage clock enthusiasts.

August 30, 2024

1930 Kienzle Box Clock | A Heartfelt Gift and Memorable Encounter

Occasionally I have clocks gifted to me as in the case of this lovely Art Deco-style German round-top wall clock made by Kienzle. The gift was greatly appreciated, although there was a small condition attached, which I will explain later.

There are times when people consider gifting me a clock but hesitate because of the high shipping expenses. When I tell them I’m willing to accept the clock, they often balk upon discovering how much it would cost to send it to me. Consequently, I have missed out on some interesting clocks due to shipping constraints.

Earlier this year, DN from central Canada was researching his grandfather’s vintage clock online and found a similar one, which led him to my blog. We exchanged emails about the history and condition of his grandfather’s clock and he asked about its resale potential. Based on the current market, I provided him with an estimated value.

I suggested several methods for selling the clock and offered to consider purchasing it myself if he could not find a buyer. Unaware that I would hear from DN again, it was four months later when he reached out and offered to gift me the clock, confident it would be cherished by a collector like myself. The condition was that I make a donation to a charity.

While traveling to central Canada to spend the summer, I had the opportunity to meet DN. With military precision, we arranged to meet in a small village 1/2 hour from our summer cottage. The well-packaged clock went from one car to the next. Afterward, we talked on the roadside, discussing the clock and, of course, sharing our cottage experiences. I said my thanks and drove off.

I know more about this clock than almost anything in my collection thanks to DN and the well-preserved clock owned by his grandfather and carefully stored for approximately 25 years following his passing. DN‘s grandfather, an engineer, appreciated the intricacy of the German-made clock and kept all the documentation. Nothing is missing from the clock; all the parts are intact.

There is a “certificate of guarantee” from the Franco-American Supply Co. with a purchase date of May 18, 1930. The Franco-American Clock Co. became the Franco-American Supply Co. in 1918/1919. Their business eventually expanded to musical instruments, including gramophones. They operated as a distributor rather than a manufacturer, specializing in supplying clocks at a mid-level scale to retailers.

In addition, there is a factory control slip and instructions for the gong protector. There are two stand-offs (upper right, photo below), but I could not find the screw holes in the back of the case to accommodate them. Perhaps they were offered as optional at the time, otherwise, why were they kept? And of course, the original key.

_{It is rare to buy a clock with any documentation}

Overall, it is in exceptional condition for a 96-year-old clock. I could not see any tell-tale signs that the movement had been worked on, and in its assembled state, I did not observe any appreciable wear. Of course, once disassembled and cleaned, I will have a clearer understanding of any wear issues.

My immediate task is to determine if the clock can run and strike as it should. I removed the movement from its case, applied a drop of oil to the pivots, reinstalled the movement, and gave the pendulum a push. It runs well. Next, I will prioritize thorough cleaning and attend to any signs of wear.

Finally, I am making my donation to the St. Vincent de Paul Society in memory of my mother-in-law, who passed away this spring. The Society of Saint Vincent de Paul is a lay “Catholic organization whose mission is to help shape a more just and compassionate society by providing food assistance, material help for the needy, emergency relief, and addressing housing challenges across Canada”.

July 9, 2024

A growing trend, perhaps | the move away from Smartwatches

I have worn a smartwatch (actually 2 of them) for over 5 years and am done with it. I have decided to move back to a watch. Call this post a bit of a rant but I have been contemplating this for a while.

While I profile mechanical clocks on my blog, I also have a small collection of watches and have always enjoyed their simplicity. I’ve been a watch enthusiast for many years, but I decided to give a smartwatch a try. Now I am done!

_{Photo by Fernando Arcos on Pexels.com}

My Smartwatches typically needed to be charged once a week, whereas most of my watches can run for at least a year on a single battery and up to 10 years on my Citizen Eco-drive. The lack of dependency on frequent charging will be a relief.

Watches are timeless accessories that can complement various outfits and occasions. A watch that’s 20 years old looks just as fantastic today as it did back then. They offer a sense of style and elegance that some find lacking in smartwatches, which can appear more utilitarian. In fact, some look like wearing a small smartphone on your wrist.

_{Photo by Martin Pu00e9chy on Pexels.com}

Smartwatches, with their myriad features and apps, are overwhelming and distracting. After years of being constantly connected through a smartwatch, I appreciate a break from technology. There is also a side benefit of reducing the dependency on an invasive digital device. Do I need to know how many steps I take in a day, my blood oxygen level, resting and active heartbeat, whether it will rain or not, and of course, the nagging notifications?

Watches tell time without any distractions or notifications, which can be a relief from the constant connectivity of smart devices.

Watches are more durable and reliable in terms of longevity and resistance to wear and tear compared to smartwatches, which can be fragile and prone to breakage. Although my smartwatches are said to be waterproof I am quite sure that I have shortened their life with the odd dip in the pool. Furthermore, after a year or two, the manufacturer informs you that your smartwatch is obsolete due to “new and improved” features.

My journey from smartwatches back to traditional watches has been a return to simplicity, reliability, and elegance. While smartwatches offer convenience and just about any feature you could ask for, they come with the constant need for charging, distractions from notifications, and a sense of impermanence as technology swiftly advances.

In contrast, traditional watches not only excel in durability and longevity but also embody a sense of style and craftsmanship that withstands the test of time. As I reconnect with the analog world of horology, I rediscover the joy of wearing a piece of art on my wrist that tells time without the noise of modern connectivity.

For those of you who regard the smartwatch as indispensable, have at it, you do you. For me, it’s a personal choice rooted in appreciating the functionality of a well-crafted watch, free from the pressures of technological obsolescence and the constant digital chatter. Call me rebellious but I don’t think I’m alone!

July 5, 2024

A challenge to anyone who can help unearth the history of the Craftline Clock Company

Who is Craftline and why do we know so little about a company that sold fine clocks that adorned the living rooms of many Canadian homes from coast to coast?

In the 1970s through the 1980s and into the 1990s, having a grandfather clock in the home was a symbol of success, and many families of means proudly displayed these elegant clocks in their homes much like having a Cadillac in the driveway.

_{My daughter’s} _{Craftline grandfather clock}

Two years ago, my daughter purchased a new home in a large city in western Canada. As part of the sale, a few pieces of furniture, including a grandfather clock, were left behind and offered for sale. Recognizing the seller’s disinterest in taking the clock along with them, my daughter made an appropriate offer, successfully acquiring the clock.

What they acquired was a Craftline grandfather clock purchased by the original owner in the 1990s. This model boasts impressive features and at one time would have been considered a high-end model within its range. It included selectable chimes, a seconds bit, a beveled glass lower access door, a 12-inch pendulum bob, a moon phase display, crank weights, and a beautiful solid wood (possibly Cherry) case with carefully chosen veneers.

It is a beautiful clock but not something that most folks would choose to furnish their home today.

Unfortunately, information about the Craftline company is elusive. What is known is that it was a Canadian company that made furniture but it also specialized in crafting clock cases, sourcing movements from Germany, possibly from Hermle and Urgos, as well as faces, pendulums, and weights.

The timeline of their production and when they ceased operations, likely in the early 1990s, remains a mystery. Nevertheless, the clock’s craftsmanship suggests that Craftline was a formidable competitor to renowned US brands like Howard Miller and Ridgeway.

In the end, while the era of every home having a grandfather clock may have passed, the presence of such a finely made clock serves as a reminder of a bygone era when these clocks were considered essential elements of a well-appointed home.

Online searches suggest that the company encountered obstacles in maintaining its copyright brand name due to numerous other businesses also operating under the Craftline name, resulting in search efforts leading to many dead ends. Join me in a challenge to uncover information about this company. With enough bits of information perhaps we can piece together a profile of this fine Canadian company.

We deserve to know more about the Craftline Furniture Company of Canada.

June 2025 update: The definitive source on Craftline Industries is an article I authored earlier this year.

From Holocaust Survivor to Canadian Visionary: The Story of Craftline Industries

March 15, 2024

The awkward task of telling someone the true value of a Common Clock

People often ask me about the value of their mechanical clock(s), but the reality is, that many of them turn out to be either common mantel clocks, clocks made in China, or clocks that have little resale value. Of course, there is the odd gem!

Expressing that the clock may not be worth as much as they believe it to be becomes a struggle for me. When I receive a letter from someone inquiring about the value of a recently obtained clock, I make an effort to provide an honest and straightforward response and so, I have come up with a 6-step guide on how to navigate the conversation with kindness and sensitivity.

Daniel Dakota mechanical wall clock, made in China — _{Daniel Dakota wall clock, many of which are found in flea markets today}

Determining the worth of a cherished family clock can be a very delicate matter. Say you have a good grasp of the value of antique/vintage clocks, and know what is desirable/collectible and what is not, you may find yourself in a position where you need to gently convey that a clock, particularly one treasured by a friend or family member, might be a clock with limited value.

How to navigate the conversation:

Acknowledge Its Sentimental Value: Start the conversation by recognizing the sentimental value attached to the clock. Express genuine appreciation for the emotional connection and especially the loving memories it holds. By starting with acknowledgment, you create a foundation for understanding.
Focus on Quality and Craftsmanship: Gradually steer the conversation towards the qualities that might contribute to a clock’s value. Emphasize the significance of craftsmanship, materials, and authenticity. Share your admiration for well-crafted clocks, and express curiosity about the specific details of the clock in question.
Share General Knowledge about clocks: Provide some general information about various types of clocks, highlighting the differences between common mass-produced clocks and those created with precision. Frame the conversation as an opportunity to share learning and avoid any language that might devalue their clock.
Suggest an Expert Appraisal: Float the idea of seeking a professional appraisal for a more accurate understanding of the clock’s value. Assure them that appraisers can offer insights into the historical significance and craftsmanship of the clock. This shifts the focus towards an objective evaluation.
Be Empathetic: Maintain empathy throughout the conversation. Acknowledge the emotional attachment and the significance the clock holds within their family. Reassure them that your intention is not to diminish its importance but to provide a comprehensive understanding.
Reframe the conversation: Encourage them to consider alternative perspectives on the clock’s worth, such as its role as a family heirloom, a beautiful piece of nostalgia, or an interesting decoration with a unique story. Highlight that the value of a clock is subjective and can vary based on individual preferences.

Daniel Dakota time and strike wall clock — _{Inexpensive Chinese-made wall clock, circa 1960s}

Navigating discussions about the value of a cherished family clock requires a delicate balance of empathy and information. Approaching the conversation with kindness helps maintain their emotional connection to the clock, acknowledging its sentimental significance within the family without being judgemental.

By gently introducing the notion that its financial value might not align with its emotional worth, you pave the way for a greater understanding.

Remember, a cherished clock is more than just its monetary value. It holds special meaning in the form of family history and sentimental connections, making it a priceless part of one’s heritage.

January 19, 2024

In the race to perfection we forgot about patina

Life is not perfect. Why should our antique clocks be any different? As we grow older, our possessions undergo a similar transformation. Just as aging imparts a unique character to metal through oxidation and rust, the term “patina” extends beyond its common association with metallic items to antique objects generally. It encapsulates the idea that our belongings, over time, develop distinctive qualities that result from reactions to various elements and the passage of time.

Hamilton Clock Co Gothic steeple clock — _{Hamilton Clock Co Gothic steeple}

Although the hands of a clock move forward no one has figured out how to freeze time or better yet, turn it backward.

During my initial foray into clock collecting and clock repair, my goal was to resurrect non-functional vintage or antique clocks, restoring both their cases and movements to their original state.

While I was tempted to make changes to the case to improve its presentation my priority has now shifted somewhat and lies in ensuring that the fundamental purpose of the clock—accurately telling the time—is fully realized. While addressing structural concerns like a broken backboard hindering the hanging of a wall clock is essential and demands attention, the case, imperfections and all, can be left in its original state.

_{Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock: has its character been lost through restoration?}

The purpose of a clock was to serve the original owner in any manner they deemed suitable, primarily by functioning and accurately displaying the time. Any scratches or blemishes on the case were secondary considerations compared to the clock’s primary function of timekeeping. 100 years ago a clock for the family home served as a common reference point for coordinating daily activities. It helped family members synchronize their schedules for meals, work, and social events. Daily household routines, such as waking up, going to bed, and managing chores, were often organized around specific times. A functioning clock (and oftentimes the only clock) was fundamental for maintaining order and structure within the home.

It can also be said that certain clocks were regarded as furniture pieces, receiving the same attention in terms of dusting, waxing, and overall care as any other furnishings of that era. Clocks such as these have survived quite well in their original state and its history has not been washed away with alterations.

The real attraction to unrestored original items is a relatively new phenomenon, perhaps stemming from a response to our modern throwaway society where nothing seems to last. We can point to an old clock and say, that object has lasted all these years despite its age-related scars.

_{The dilemma of restoration, yes or no to refinishing this clock case?}

But does something that takes on a surface appearance that has grown old become a thing of beauty? The answer is, yes. Every bit of patina on a clock speaks to something from its past, things that have happened to a clock through the ages whether you can see the cause or not and that makes the clock more interesting.

A clock that attempts to go back in time through restoration, no matter how good the job is, for all intents and purposes is a facsimile, a replica, or a reproduction. Many might consider all restoration as fiction. However, some folks will take fictitious or like-new any day because new-looking and shiny is somehow “better” and it is their belief that condition always equates to increased desirability.

George H. Clark 30 hour Ogee — _{George H. Clark 30-hour} _{Ogee, restored by the} _{previous owner; is like-new better?}

The concept of patina extends beyond its traditional association with oxidized metal, offering a broader perspective on the aging and transformation of old clocks. Patina embodies a unique character that evolves over time. It reflects a growing interest in preserving the enduring quality of items, a sentiment that contrasts with the disposable nature of our modern society.

Patina is the thing that humanizes an old clock.

November 17, 2023

The Therapeutic Art of Clock Repair in Retirement

Engaging in a fulfilling hobby like clock repair and restoration can offer immense benefits for the soul, especially during retirement. Horology provides a respite from life’s pressures and allows individuals to use their time constructively.

Here are several compelling reasons why having a hobby like clock-making is invaluable for retirees and those approaching retirement.

Boosts self-esteem

Each small achievement in pursuing the hobby leads to a sense of accomplishment and success. These positive experiences build a strong foundation of self-confidence, which can be applied to handle other life challenges effectively.

_{Learning the components of a chiming movement}

Eliminates boredom

Hobbies prevent boredom and deter individuals from indulging in destructive behaviours. Rather than spending hours mindlessly watching TV, constructive engagement with a hobby brings immense satisfaction and rewards.

Broadens perspective

Engaging in a hobby fosters continuous learning and personal growth. Taking on new challenges opens up fresh perspectives, facilitating personal development and resilience in overcoming adversity.

Promotes youthful vitality

Hobbies contribute to brain health and help maintain cognitive abilities, making them a valuable investment in both present and future well-being. Cultivating hobbies early in life ensures lasting benefits, much like a wise investment.

_{Examining a rusty time and strike movement}

Integrates with other interests

Hobbies can be beautifully combined with other passions, such as photography, travel, or writing. This harmonious integration enhances the overall experience and enriches life’s journey.

Sparks curiosity and interest

Having a unique and captivating hobby, like collecting historical clocks with intriguing stories, makes one more interesting to others. Sharing these experiences enthralls attention and sparks engaging conversations.

_{A clock hobby is more than the movement}

Provides stress relief

A hobby becomes a refuge in trying times, offering solace from the world’s stresses. It creates moments of tranquility and relaxation, promoting overall mental well-being.

Break Problems Down to improve problem-solving abilities

When confronted with a complex problem such as a complicated three-train movement, break it down into smaller, manageable parts. This approach allows you to analyze each component separately, find solutions more effectively and promote personal growth.

_{A feeling of satisfaction when things work correctly after servicing a movement}

In challenging times, the dedication and effort invested in a hobby like clock repair and restoration bring immense joy and fulfillment.

It’s never too late to explore new hobbies and discover one’s own oasis of happiness and relaxation during retirement.

August 15, 2023

Taking a break

It’s time for us to unwind, slow down, and embrace a change of scenery. My wife and I are heading to our cottage in central Canada for the summer season, where we plan to relax, read good books, indulge in fishing, swimming, and hiking, and share stories with friends and neighbors while savoring a glass (or two) of wine.

Even though many of my blog articles have been written well ahead of the summer months, there will be no interruption in posts throughout this period. I will continue to maintain a consistent output of two articles a week.

Just as Dean Martin used to say at the end of his TV variety show, “Keep those cards and letters coming!” While there might be a slight delay in responding to your email inquiries or blog post comments, please rest assured that your questions about your clock or comments on any of my posts are significant to me and will be addressed.

_{Mission style clock found in a thrift shop in the Quebec area}

This blog primarily showcases my own clock collection, delves into the challenges of clock maintenance and repair, shares the joys of discovering new and intriguing vintage and antique clocks, and covers various horological topics of interest.

_{A Gilbert clock found on Facebook marketplace and a summer project}

As we explore central Canada, I anticipate stumbling upon fascinating clocks in antique stores, flea markets, and other unique shops. Alongside documenting new clock stories, I’ll also face fresh repair challenges and perhaps undertake the next major restoration project during my summer journey.

Additionally, I’m excited to revisit The Canadian Clock Museum in Deep River, Ontario, where I’ll discover new and captivating clocks added to their collection and engage in conversations with curator Allan Symons.

Feel free to use the search box to explore past articles or click “follow” to receive clock-related articles directly in your mailbox. I sincerely hope you enjoy reading them as much as I relish researching each and every article.

June 23, 2023

Tick Talk Tuesday #44 – What can you tell me about this clock?

Tick-Talk Tuesday is about the letters and comments I have received from readers concerning clock issues, challenges faced, a clock you would profiled or advice on your particular clock concern. For those comments and questions that stump even me, I consult within my clock circles for the best possible answer

ED writes

Good morning,

I recently bought a house and the previous owners left this clock behind. It ticks and chimes and seems to be in working order. I’m wondering if you could tell me more about it like what time period it is from and if it is of any value.

Thank you in advance for your time!

My reply

Hi and thanks for your email.

The Westminster C is an unusual clock because it has 2 gear trains to perform what is usually done with 3 gear trains in most clocks, rare but not unique. In most chiming clocks there are three trains or three winding points, one for time, one for strike and one for the chimes.

This model is based on patent designs filed in 1926 and 1930. Production of the patented movement began in 1927 so, your clock would be around that time and possibly a year or two later. There is a date stamp on the label but I cannot make it out. Could it be 2912, December 1929?

_{Possibly manufactured in December 1929}

The sale price in 1931 was $29.95, a working man’s weekly salary at the time.

It is a very complicated movement that few repairers enjoy working on, because it is difficult to set it up correctly to have it run reliably. If your clock is running well, you are quite lucky because a repair can be very expensive.

They are uncommon enough that they can still fetch a good price on auction sites ($300-$400 or so).

Hope this helps.

ED write back

This is absolutely fascinating! Thank you for your quick reply. I am now looking at that clock through different eyes.

I appreciate your help, and I hope you have a wonderful weekend.

December 9, 2022

Related Link

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Environmental Factors

Pendulum Too Low or Too High

Pendulum is the Incorrect Weight

Incorrect Suspension Spring Length

Suspension Spring Not Attached Correctly, or Bent or Twisted Spring

Lack of Lubrication

Gummed-up Lubrication

Balance Wheel Requires an Adjustment

A Weak Mainspring

Changes or Alterations During Servicing

Clock Cycle Time Variance

Slipping, Binding, and Rubbing

Final Thoughts

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How It All Began: My First Steps with WordPress

Early Days: Learning and Growing

Finding My Rhythm and Audience

How My Writing Style Evolved

Surprising Discoveries About My Audience

Embracing Imperfection and Meaningful Engagement

Unexpected Skills I Learned Along the Way

Your Voice Matters, No Matter the Audience Size

Advice to New Bloggers: Keep Going

What does the Future Hold?

Thank You to My Readers

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June 2025 update

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Key Things I Look For

A Clock’s Environment

Common Reasons Why Clocks Stop—and How to Diagnose Them

Servicing a Movement – What Does It Mean?

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An Unused Clock

Idle Clocks Are More Vulnerable Than You Think

All Mechanical Things Age Better When Exercised – Just Like A Car

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A Missed Opportunity: The Case of the Blurry Bracket Clock

1) Camera Choice: Use the Right Tool for the Job

Bonus Tip:

2) Stability: Avoid Camera Shake

3) Lighting: Good Light = Great Photos

Bonus Tip:

4) Minimize Distractions: Keep the Focus on the Clock

5) Cropping: Less Is More

6) Composition: Guide the Viewer’s Eye

7) Resize for the Web

Final Thoughts

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Spring Forward | Fall Back

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The Confusion Between the Terms Antique and Vintage

What Does “Vintage” Mean?

Auctions and Marketing Buzzwords

The Misuse of “Collectible”

Jewelry: A Special Category

Thoughts on Age and Value

Case in Point: Dating a Particular Arthur Pequegnat Clock

What Truly Matters

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What does In-beat Mean

How to Correct a Clock That’s Out of Beat

Method 1: Tilting the Clock

Method 2: Adjusting the Crutch

A One-Time Procedure

Moving the Clock

Final thoughts