Tag: Wall clock

Selecting and Gifting an antique Mechanical Clock

Any time of year is a good time to offer an antique clock as a unique gift.

Mechanical clocks take us back to simpler times, free from mobile phones, the internet, and streaming TV. They evoke nostalgia for an era gone by.

Two American wall clocks

Determining whether to gift an antique clock can be a challenge. Allow me to provide you with some valuable tips.

Observation skills are key

The first step involves careful observation skills, assessing whether or not the recipient would appreciate an antique clock.

If the person has a general interest in history or has shown appreciation for antiques in the past, they might be more inclined to appreciate an antique clock. Take note of their home’s interior design and decor style. Antique clocks can complement various decor themes, such as vintage, traditional, or rustic. If their home features elements of these styles, it’s a positive sign.

Consider whether the person has a sentimental attachment to heirlooms or family keepsakes. Antique clocks often have a rich history and can become cherished heirlooms themselves. If the recipient is known to collect items, especially vintage or historical items, they may be more likely to appreciate an antique clock as an addition to their collection.

Antique clocks often exhibit intricate craftsmanship. If the recipient has an eye for fine craftsmanship or has expressed admiration for handmade or artisan items, they may appreciate the work that went into creating an antique clock.

Listen for any comments or discussions about nostalgia for earlier times. Antique clocks can evoke a sense of nostalgia for a simpler, pre-digital era.

If the person has owned or displayed clocks before, it’s a good sign that they might enjoy receiving another clock as a gift. Consider whether the person appreciates receiving unique and thoughtful gifts rather than typical, mass-produced items.

By paying attention to these clues and considering the recipient’s preferences and interests, you can make a more informed decision about whether an antique clock would be a well-received and meaningful gift.

Mechanical clocks appeal to those who either enjoy the sound and striking of a clock or appreciate it as part of their decor. These preferences will guide your gift selection.

Here are two examples of clocks I have gifted to family members:

Schatz W3 bracket clock

My son and his partner have a German Schatz W3 bracket clock in a custom case. It is in excellent mechanical condition but because it has a floating balance escapement it is very quiet when running. It serves as the centrepiece for their buffet and hutch.

Sessions Raven clock
Sessions Raven clock

My daughter has a Sessions Raven 8-day mantel clock that rests atop a bookcase in their family room. Although they choose not to run it, they nevertheless cherish it.

Choosing the right one

If you believe the recipient would appreciate a mechanical clock as a gift, the next step is choosing the right one. There’s a wide range of options available, catering to different budgets, from basic American kitchen clocks to rare 19th-century French Boulle mantel clocks, from those that are fairly economical to higher priced items.

Let’s narrow down the choices with a strategic approach.

French Boulle clock C.1860

The following two categories can help you make the right decision when buying a clock for your loved one, friend, or business associate.

Category 1 – Recipients Who Appreciate a Running Clock:

  • Avoid non-working clocks unless you or someone you know has clock repair skills.
  • Exercise caution when considering clocks labelled as “may require adjustment,” as they frequently conceal significant issues.
  • Investing in clocks that have undergone recent servicing and come with a warranty justifies the higher price tag.
  • Give serious thought to purchasing from established and reputable clock repair retailers. They offer added assurance of quality and reliability when acquiring a mechanical clock.
  • Opting for local purchases is a better choice compared to online auction platforms like eBay, as it helps avoid elevated shipping expenses and the potential risk of receiving a damaged clock.

Most mechanical clocks are 8-day running, requiring weekly winding. Some quality 15-day and 30-day clocks exist but are not as plentiful. Avoid 1-day clocks unless the recipient enjoys daily winding. Avoid 31-day clocks, as they are frequently manufactured in China, featuring subpar movements and inexpensive cases.

Daniel Dakota wall clock, one of Tempus Fugits more popular models
Daniel Dakota wall clock is made in China and should be avoided as a gift

Category 2 – Recipients Who desire a Mechanical Clock as Decoration:

  • For certain individuals, the aesthetic appeal and potential for sparking conversations outweigh the clock’s functional aspects.
  • Clocks that don’t function but have appealing cases are well-suited for this situation.
  • Examine the case’s condition, recent repair work, and authenticity carefully. A poorly executed case repair will be readily noticeable.
  • Steer clear of clocks that have had their original mechanical movements replaced with quartz mechanisms. If the recipient ever decides to sell it in the future, retaining the original movement will enhance its value.
  • Removing dirt and grime from a soiled clock case can greatly enhance its visual appeal while preserving its original patina.

Types and styles of clocks to consider

  1. Grandfather Clocks (Longcase or tallcase Clocks): These tall, freestanding clocks are typically over 6 feet in height and have a pendulum mechanism enclosed in a wooden case. They are known for their elegance and often feature intricate detailing. These are large clocks that take up floor space which is an important consideration.
  2. Mantel Clocks: Designed to sit on a mantelpiece or shelf, mantel clocks are often smaller and more decorative. They can come in a wide range of styles, from ornate Rococo to sleek Art Deco designs.
  3. Shelf clocks: Designed to sit on a mantelpiece or shelf. Examples are steeple clocks, ogee clocks, kitchen clocks and cottage clocks.
  4. Wall Clocks: Wall clocks are hung on the wall and come in various shapes and sizes. Examples include the Vienna regulator clock, schoolhouse clock, and banjo clock.
  5. Bracket Clocks: These are small, bracket-mounted clocks typically found on shelves or brackets. They often have a carrying handle and are known for their portability.
  6. Carriage Clocks: Originally designed for travellers, carriage clocks are small, portable clocks with a handle. They often feature an enamel dial and a hinged protective case.
  7. French Clocks: French clock-making is renowned for its craftsmanship and artistic design. Styles include Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI, each reflecting the aesthetics of its respective period.
  8. Vienna Regulator Clocks: These wall clocks originated in Vienna, Austria, and are characterized by their long and narrow wooden cases, typically with a pendulum visible through a glass door.
  9. Art Deco Clocks: Popular during the 1920s and 1930s, Art Deco clocks feature geometric shapes, bold colours, and sleek lines. They represent the Art Deco design movement’s distinctive style.
  10. Art Nouveau Clocks: Art Nouveau clocks emphasize organic, flowing forms inspired by nature, often featuring intricate metalwork and curvilinear designs.
  11. Cuckoo Clocks: Originating from the Black Forest region in Germany, cuckoo clocks are known for their distinctive cuckoo bird call. They often have wooden carvings and a pendulum.
  12. Skeleton Clocks: These clocks have an exposed mechanism with minimal casing, showcasing the intricate gears and escapement. They are prized for their transparency and craftsmanship.
  13. Marine Chronometers: Precision timekeeping instruments used for navigation at sea, marine chronometers are often housed in a wooden box and have a gimbal system to maintain accuracy on a moving ship.
  14. Calendar Clocks: These clocks display the date, often with additional complications such as moon phases or day-of-the-week indicators.

A mechanical clock makes for a truly special gift, one that has the potential to evolve into a beloved heirloom over time. Whether it continues to keep perfect time or finds its place as a decorative piece, the sentiment behind such a gift is sure to be appreciated by the recipient so long as you assess whether the recipient would appreciate such a gift.

A clock not only signifies the passage of time and makes it a meaningful present for any occasion. Its intricate craftsmanship makes it a symbol of both utility and beauty.

So, when you choose to gift a mechanical clock, you’re not only giving a functional timepiece but also a lasting memory that can be appreciated for years to come.

German Box Clocks: A Journey into Clockmaking History

Daniel Dakota wall clock, one of Tempus Fugits more popular models

The popularity of Vienna Regulator clocks began to wane towards the early part of the 20th century. The more modern and less ornate design of the box clock appealed to changing tastes and preferences after World War I, leading to the gradual replacement of Vienna Regulators with box clocks. The box clock design stood the test of time, enduring for over 30 years.

Gustav Becker weight-driven Vienna Regulator

The German “box clock” is a type of antique clock that became popular in the early 20th century, particularly in the period following World War I. These clocks are sometimes also referred to as “box wall clocks” or “wall box clocks” due to their design and placement on walls.

German "box" clock by Mauthe
German box clock by Mauthe

Key features and characteristics of German box clocks are its design and appearance since the box clock represents a departure from the designs of the Vienna Regulator clocks. Instead, box clocks embraced a more minimalist and utilitarian design. They typically have a simple rectangular or square wooden case with clean lines, a simple crown, glazed features and often lack the intricate carvings and embellishments seen in earlier clock styles.

Numerous German manufacturers, such as Mauthe, Gustav Becker, The Hamburg American Clock Company, Muller, Hermle, and Kienzle, were involved in the design and construction of box clocks.

U M Muller box clock

Box clocks employ a weight-driven mechanical movement or a spring-driven movement. For the cost conscious, spring-driven box clocks were within the budget of most households.

Whether the movements use weights or springs to power the clock’s operation, they require periodic winding to keep accurate time. The run times were typically 8 days though some were made to run for 14 days. The movement is always housed within a wooden case and is typically viewable through glazed side ports.

Kienzle time and strike box with round top

The clock dials on box clocks are typically white or silvered dials with either Arabic or Roman numerals to indicate the hours. Most box clocks have simple black spear or spade hands for better contrast and easy readability.

$299 Mauthe wall clock
Mauthe box clock

A prominent feature of box clocks is the pendulum, which might be quite plain or ornate, which swings beneath the clock’s dial and is visible thorough a bevelled glass panel. The pendulum’s length is adjusted to regulate the clock’s timekeeping accuracy.

Some box clocks include a chime feature that makes a musical tone on the quarter hour while other have a strike feature that rings the hour or half-hour. A clock face with three winding arbours signifies a chiming clock, whereas a clock with two winding points indicates a striking clock. This adds a pleasant sound to mark the passing of time.

The vast majority of box clocks were produced in Germany. German clock-makers were renowned for their precision and craftsmanship, making Germany a hub for clock manufacturing during that era.

Box clocks were widely used in homes, offices, schools, and other public spaces. Their minimalist design made them versatile and suitable for various interior styles.

Daniel Dakota box clock from the 1960s

Caution should be exercised against copies. In the 1960s, the Chinese reintroduced the box clock design and inundated the market with numerous 31-day clocks, sold under various names, with Daniel Dakota being the most widely recognized brand. However, these clocks did not match the quality and craftsmanship of the traditional German box clocks. During the same vintage period, certain Korean and Japanese clocks demonstrated acceptable quality standards but most are to be avoided.

Today, German box clocks are sought after by collectors and antique enthusiasts for their historical significance, craftsmanship, and unique design. They serve as reminders of a bygone era and continue to captivate people with their appeal.

If you are interested in acquiring a box clock, it’s essential to verify its authenticity and condition, as well as consult with experts or appraisers to ensure its value and authenticity.

A gifted clock is always appreciated

During my visit to a fellow enthusiast of antique and vintage clocks, I was graciously presented with a complimentary schoolhouse clock.

New Haven time-only schoolhouse clock

Although I wasn’t anticipating it to be in pristine condition, I gladly accepted the schoolhouse clock as a project, knowing that it would require some restoration work.

I own multiple wall clocks, among them are several schoolhouse clocks, and am amazed that they run so well after many decades. These clocks, known for their durability, continue to function reliably even in well-worn condition.

The clock’s manufacturer is New Haven, and it is a time-only clock featuring a twelve-inch Roman Numeral dial and a short drop design. What makes it particularly interesting is the reverse painted glass that allows the moving pendulum bob to be visible.

As for the construction, the clock’s case is crafted from softwood, elegantly adorned with Rosewood veneer on all the visible sections.

A robust time-only movement

During my holiday, I had limited time to work on the clock, but I did take the opportunity to inspect its movement and clean the case. I found the movement to be in very good condition with minimal wear. However, I did notice that there was an absence of lubricating oil. To ensure the clock’s optimal performance and to minimize further wear, I took the necessary step of re-oiling it before placing it back into its case.

The clock does have some veneer issues, especially noticeable in the bottom section of the short drop. I plan to address and repair these veneer problems when I have both the time and the necessary resources to do so properly.

Additionally, there are minor losses on the dial face, but I’ve decided to leave them as they are for now. While they may be imperfections, they also add character and a sense of history to the clock, so I believe preserving them in their current state will maintain the clock’s unique charm.

As my holiday schedule didn’t allow for a comprehensive repair, I made a mental note of wear issues that require attention. Upon my return when I have more time available, I intend to address these wear issues, particularly focusing on one or two bushings that need immediate attention. This approach will help maintain the clock’s accuracy and prevent any further damage.

Once I have the opportunity and means to address these repairs and restorations, I will ensure the clock regains its original beauty and functionality while retaining the traces of its past that make it special.

Clocks at our summer retreat

Taking a look at this Ansonia cotteg clockwith the dial off

At our seasonal cottage located in central Canada, we enjoy displaying a small selection of clocks, during the summer months.

The first clock, displayed for a number of years, was a Danial Dakota time and strike clock, which we had converted to a quartz movement. This clock, originating from the 1960s, incorporated Chinese design elements that were inspired by American clocks of that era. It required minimal maintenance and provided very good accuracy.

To operate, it relied on a “C” cell battery. This chiming clock offered both Westminster and Whittington chimes, with my wife and I favouring the Whittington chime.

Converted quartz Daniel Dakota

However, after a period of time we grew weary of the clock’s artificial electronic musical tone, and thus we decided to replace the Danial Dakota clock with a proper mechanical clock.

The Mauthe time and strike box clock we acquired as a replacement at the cottage features a raised maple leaf on its crown. This detail leads me to believe that it was likely sold under a Canadian brand, possibly marketed specifically for a department store or jewellery store. The distinctly Canadian touch with the maple leaf emblem, adds to its charm and appeal in our Canadian cottage setting.

Mauthe box clock
Mauthe box clock with maple leaf emblem on the crown

Next to the box clock is a captivating oak-cased gallery clock produced by the Empire Clock Co. of England. It was acquired through an auction in Nova Scotia and boasts a unique feature — a 10-inch dial instead of the more common 12-inch dial seen in similar gallery clocks.

Despite its resemblance to a fusee clock, it operates with a conventional spring-driven mechanism, which means its timekeeping performance is average at best.

Box clock and gallery clock

Adorning the wall of our sunroom is a familiar time-only schoolhouse clock that was recently gifted to me. It features a sizable 12-inch Roman Numeral dial and a pendulum visible through reverse-painted glass.

Although it has a few minor veneer imperfections that I plan to address later this year, I have already examined the movement and confirmed its excellent condition. After re-oiling it, I carefully placed the movement back into its case.

Schoolhouse clock

Displayed in our family room is a Hermle clock that harkens back to a nostalgic design known as the “wag-on-a-wall” style. This clock operates on a weight-driven mechanism and includes both timekeeping and striking functions. It emits a delightful bim-bam sound by striking on three rods.

The design aesthetic of this clock strongly resembles the clocks manufactured in the 1960s, which aligns with its likely production period. While it possesses a plain and unadorned appearance, it carries a certain charm and serves as a reminder of that era.

Wag on a wall

Among our collection of cottage clocks, we have a New Haven ogee-style clock that operates on a 30-hour time and strike mechanism. It is smaller than a conventional ogee clock and might be referred to as a mini ogee standing at just 18 inches high.

From afar, it presents an appealing appearance, capturing one’s attention. However, upon closer examination, it becomes apparent that the clock has undergone a removal of its veneer at some point in its history. The absence of the veneer adds a touch of character and reveals the clock’s journey through time, offering a glimpse into its past.

New Haven ogee clock

Finally, a well-worn 30-hour cottage Ansonia clock graces a bedroom dresser.

A cottage clock at the cottage

Despite its visible signs of use, this clock continues to perform well, a testament to the remarkable engineering employed by the clock’s manufacturers. Craftsmen at the time anticipated the rigours of wear and tear, and their foresight in creating such durable movements showcases their longevity.

Clocks at our summer cottage not only serve as functional timekeepers but also carry with them a unique charm and nostalgia.

Each clock tells its own story, displaying the marks of time and the craftsmanship of its makers. Whether it’s the captivating gallery clock with its distinctive dial or the familiar schoolhouse clock with its endearing imperfections, these clocks create a harmonious blend of functionality and aesthetics within the cottage.

As their hands tick away the hours, they remind us to slow down, appreciate the present moment, and savour the timeless tranquility of a summer retreat.

How to Display an Antique Clock in Your Home

Arthur Pequegnat Simcoe

In this blog post, we’ll share practical tips on how to incorporate antique clocks into your interior decor. We’ll discuss strategic placement, creative styling techniques, and ways to create an eye-catching focal point.

Make your antique clock the star of the show by displaying it in a prominent location where it can take center stage. Surround it with complementary decor pieces such as vintage books, elegant candle holders, or framed photos to create an enchanting vignette that enhances the clock’s charm.

Kienzle clock on display with Ingraham Huron
Kienzle World time clock on left and Ingraham Huron balloon style shelf clock on right

It’s best to limit the number of antique clocks in a room to one or two to avoid clutter and maintain a visually pleasing space. By creating a focal point for your antique clock, you’ll effortlessly draw the eye and showcase its timeless beauty.

However, some clock collectors understand the importance of presentation when displaying their collections. While it’s generally recommended to avoid placing multiple clocks in one location, some collectors choose to showcase their entire collection together. In such cases, grouping the clocks based on maker, style, type, vintage/age, or country of origin can create a cohesive and visually appealing arrangement. Thoughtful and well-planned presentations with a distinct theme running through them tend to be more successful than haphazard and confusing displays.

A museum display

It’s common for collectors to set limits on the number of clocks displayed and running at any given time. Some clocks may be allowed to stop for a “break” while others continue to run continuously. Occasionally changing the location of clocks can add variety, but it’s important to consider the sensitivity of certain clocks to being moved.

Trio of clocks
Trio of clocks representing 3 time zones

For example, in one photo, there are three prominently displayed clocks in a large room, including a 2-weight Gustav Becker clock from 1902, a Seth Thomas round-top cottage clock, and an Ansonia short-drop octagon clock. The arrangement allows the clocks to command attention without overcrowding the space.

Front room collection
Clocks displayed in the living room

Another option is to confine the collection to one room, while others prefer to have clocks distributed throughout the house. The choice depends on personal preference and the tolerance of one’s partner.

In an entrance hallway, the Ridgeway tall case clock shares space with an Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time wall clock. The limitations of the hallway restrict the number of clocks displayed.

Ridgeway grandfather clock
Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time clock

The kitchen features a U.M. Muller time and strike wall clock, which serves as a reliable timepiece for the household.

U M Muller box clock

Lastly, a Mauthe Westminster chime mantel clock sits atop a 1947 Stromberg Carlson console radio in the dining room, adding a touch of elegance to the space.

Mauthe mantel clock

Arranging a clock collection requires thoughtful consideration, care, and attention. It’s essential to find a balance between showcasing the clocks and maintaining a visually pleasing and harmonious environment. Each placement decision contributes to the overall aesthetic and impact of the collection within the home.

Getting a stubborn hand to fit correctly on an hour wheel

Approximately two years ago, I stumbled upon a weight-driven banjo clock listed on Facebook Marketplace. Before finalizing the purchase, I engaged in a conversation with the seller, who appeared to have limited knowledge about the clock’s value. The clock was among several items that the seller’s family was parting with, and it was evident that they didn’t have any sentimental attachment to it, despite it being in their possession for several decades.

To my surprise, the clock was remarkably intact, with only minor veneer issues. Apart from routine servicing of the movement, the clock required repairing the small sections of veneer and mounting it securely on the wall.

Banjo clock attributed to John Sawin of Boston 1840


I only needed to replace one bushing in the movement, and that resolved the only wear issue.

New bushing

However, the hands of the clock posed some challenges on a couple of occasions. Firstly, the minute hand became loose and wouldn’t advance properly. Upon investigation, I discovered that the hand was not securely attached to the minute wheel. I resolved this by using a slightly larger taper pin to tighten it.

Banjo clock

Later on, the hour hand started causing problems as well. It became loose and wouldn’t advance correctly. The minute hand, the hour hand doesn’t have a collar as you would find on a conventional mass-produced American clock and relies on friction to fit onto the top section of the hour pipe. There isn’t much room to work within this area, and it’s either too tight or too loose. Tightening the hour hand requires carefully punching the inside of the hole to make it smaller. Once again, due to the limited space available, this was a challenging task.

The hands stayed in place and now to test the movement for any issues.

The Schoolhouse Clock: Unveiling its History

New Haven schoolhouse clock

The origin of the name “schoolhouse clock” is not well-documented, and it appears that the term was not used during the time these clocks were made. Instead, it was later coined by collectors to describe a particular style of clock commonly found in school settings.

Gilbert Admiral with calendar function

Schoolhouse clocks were the standard design for early North American schoolhouses due to their larger, easy-to-read dials. They were widely hung in schoolrooms across Canada and often had simple time-only movements, although some versions included a calendar function or time and strike movements. These clocks had a utilitarian look and were known for their durability.

Ansonia Schoolhouse Clock with 12-inch dial

The design of schoolhouse clocks is believed to be influenced by English drop dial fusee clocks, which were produced in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Drop dials closely resembled schoolhouse clocks and featured conical constructions with a chain or gut line pulled by a mainspring barrel, providing even power release for improved accuracy. Complicated movements such as these did not find their way into inexpensive mass-produced American and Canadian schoolhouse clocks.

When purchasing a clock, the author always asks the seller about its history and provenance.

Sessions Drop Octagon
Sessions Drop Octagon time only schoolhouse clock

In the case of the Sessions Drop Octagon wall clock pictured above, the seller had acquired it from a decommissioned one-room schoolhouse in Springhill, Nova Scotia. The clock, dating back to the 1920s, features a solid oak case, original hands, a pressed brass pendulum bob, a solid brass bezel, and a tin dial pan with stenciled lower glazing. While the paper dial showed signs of discoloration and wear, the clock was in reasonably good condition for its age.

Upon bringing the clock home, the author discovered that it ran for only a short time before stopping. A rubbing sound around the pendulum area indicated that the pendulum bob was hitting the inside of the case. After correcting a bent crutch rod, cleaning the movement, and making some adjustments, the clock started running properly. The author considered replacing the paper dial, which had brownish spots from prolonged exposure to moisture but decided to keep it as part of its history.

Time-only movements, like the one in this schoolhouse clock, are relatively easy to work on, making them suitable for beginners in clock collecting and repair.

While the exact origin of the term “schoolhouse clock” remains uncertain, it has become a permanent part of the clock collector language. These clocks, with their distinct style and large dials, were commonly found in early North American schoolhouses and have since gained sentimental value and recognition among collectors.

Tick Talk Tuesday #49 – a well-preserved column and cornice clock

Tick-Talk Tuesday is dedicated to addressing readers’ letters and comments related to clock issues, challenges, and recommendations for specific clocks. In cases where the comments and questions are particularly challenging, I seek advice from my fellow clock enthusiasts to provide the most accurate and helpful response.

DS writes

Morning, Ron –

I’ve wanted to let you know how much I’ve enjoyed these blog posts.

What a nice work area you have there, too.

I’ve had my eyes on a marvelous Wm. Van Tassel sleigh-front, or “Triple Decker” Seth Thomas manufactured for the Canadian market for some time. I’ve been fascinated with these old clocks for many years, and in particular the triple-deckers.
I’ll attach an image or two of the Van Tassel I’m interested in.
It is perhaps the finest sleigh-front I’ve ever seen, in terms of condition & originality.

I only have a modest collection of some cottage clocks of the various Connecticut makers, and several “Ogees.” My only real “Problem” is finding time enough to spend with them!

Thanks again for these interesting, well-written articles.

Take care…

Image preview
Wm. Van Tassel sleigh-front

I write

Thanks for your email, DS

That is a very nice clock. Some would call it a column and cornice but as you said often referred to as a triple-decker. I like the two-door feature. I have a similar Seth Thomas. My only thought is whether or not the tablets (or at least one of them ) are original. The cornice and the base are often beat up with wear and tear and it is nice to see one so unmolested. It is a clock I would take a serious look at.

I appreciate your comments on my blog.

Ron

Seth Thomas column and cornice shelf clock
Seth Thomas column and cornice clock

My very similar Seth Thomas clock

Pendulum clocks and Temperature compensation

In this post I will acquaint the reader with temperature compensation and what it means for maintaining the accuracy of a mechanical clock.

Almost all materials expand noticeably with heat and contract when cooled.

Temperature compensation is a critical factor to consider when it comes to the maintenance and repair of antique mechanical clocks. Clocks are precision instruments that rely on a delicate balance of mechanical components to keep accurate time. Any changes in temperature can cause the metal components of the clock to expand or contract, leading to inaccuracies in timekeeping.

Pendulum with dissimilar metal rods

To combat these fluctuations, many antique clocks were designed with temperature compensation mechanisms. These mechanisms are intended to counteract the effects of temperature changes on the clock’s accuracy. One common method of temperature compensation is the use of a bi-metallic strip, which is a strip of two different metals that are bonded together. As the temperature changes, the metals expand and contract at different rates, causing the strip to bend and adjust the balance of the clock.

Wood was a commonly used material for antique clock pendulum rods because it has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, meaning it is less likely to expand or contract with changes in temperature, which is crucial for maintaining the accuracy of timekeeping in clocks. Wood is relatively lightweight and easy to work with, making it a practical choice for clockmakers.

Seth Thomas Regulator #2
Seth Thomas Regulator #2 with wood pendulum rod

However, not all antique clocks were designed with temperature compensation mechanisms.

Clocks that have no temperature compensation may need seasonal adjustments

For those that lack these features, it’s important to keep the clock in a stable environment with minimal temperature fluctuations. However seasonal changes in heat and humidity may require periodic adjustments. Exposure to extreme temperatures or rapid changes in temperature can cause damage to the clock’s components and negatively impact its accuracy.

Gustav Becker Vienna Regulator with wood pendulum

Temperature compensation is a critical factor to consider when it comes to antique mechanical clocks. While some clocks were designed with built-in temperature compensation mechanisms, others may require more careful maintenance and storage to ensure accurate timekeeping over time.

Having said the above not every pendulum design that appears to provide temperature compensation actually serves that purpose. In certain instances, pendulum rod designs may be purely decorative (such as the Mauthe wall clock below) and lack temperature compensation functionality altogether.

Mauthe wall clock circa 1895


If your clock is experiencing inaccuracies in timekeeping, there are various adjustments that can be made. However, if you lack the necessary expertise, it is advisable to consult a professional clock repairer. They can thoroughly examine the clock’s mechanisms, identify any problems, and make the necessary adjustments to ensure precise and accurate timekeeping.

If I had to take one antique clock from a “burning house” which one would it be

We have been facing a challenging spring here in Nova Scotia, as the threat of wildfires has been looming over us.

In May 2023, our community in Nova Scotia has been devastated by the occurrence of two uncontrolled wildfires. The dire consequences of these fires include the evacuation of thousands of individuals and the tragic loss of hundreds of homes.

Residing in a rural area with our house nestled amidst beautiful trees, we can’t help but have a constant awareness of the potential for fire.

While it’s crucial to prioritize safety and well-being in emergency situations, it’s understandable that certain personal belongings/items hold significant value to us. They include ID, cell phones, credit cards, vehicle titles, keys, flashlights, passports, a portable hard drive containing all personal photos, and essential clothing but if I find myself with a moment to select just one antique clock during a speedy evacuation what would it be?

My wife prompted this discussion when she asked, “What clock would you take?

Selecting a specific antique clock to save from a “burning house” is a subjective decision based on personal preferences, sentimental value, and the uniqueness of each clock. However, here are a few factors I might consider when making my decision:

  1. I might choose a clock that holds special meaning to me or my family. It could be a clock that has been passed down through generations or one that has sentimental value attached to it.
  2. I would consider the rarity and historical significance of the clock in question. If a clock’s origins is significant or it is known for its craftsmanship or historical importance, I might prioritize saving such a clock.
  3. If one clock is in better condition or has the potential for easier restoration, it might be a good choice to save.

Here are 5 clocks that would be high on my list and the reasons why. But in the end, I could only take one!

Pequegnat Canadian Time

Pequegnat Canadian Time

I have had this clock for a number of years, and have serviced it twice. The clock’s case, on the other hand, has remained untouched and remains in exceptional condition. This particular clock holds a special place in my collection as one of the earliest examples of the eight Pequegnat clocks I own. It spent its life in the waiting area of a train station located 1/2 drive from my home.

Sawin Banjo Clock

Sawin banjo clock

Dating back to the 1840s, this exceptional timepiece exemplifies the pinnacle of meticulous movement craftsmanship. While the case and movement do not bear any explicit “Sawin” markings, various indicators strongly suggest that it was crafted by John Sawin himself or one of his associates or apprentices. Notably, this clock stands out for its straightforward construction, lacking side rails or ornate embellishments such as painted tablets or gilt decorations. It is precisely this simplicity in design that captivates me, as it allows the clock’s elegance and craftsmanship to take center stage.

Junghans Crispis time and strike wall clock

Junghans Crispi

This clock underwent a comprehensive restoration process involving countless hours of work, including disassembling, creating new components, servicing the movement, and refinishing the case. The restoration required a significant amount of labor and attention to detail. The clock holds a captivating story as it was rescued from a house that endured severe destruction during the Halifax Explosion in 1917.

Halifax Explosion – December 6, 1917

Single-weight Vienna Regulator

Single-weight Vienna Regulator

The sheer beauty of this clock makes it incredibly challenging to part with. Its design epitomizes the finest qualities of the 1880s Vienna style. Unlike the later Viennese clocks, which often leaned towards ornate and ostentatious features, the clocks from this particular period maintain their elegance and embrace a more refined and understated aesthetic. The clock’s classic, simple lines are a testament to the enduring allure of the Vienna style during that era.

Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time

Arthur Pequegnat Moncton
Arthur Pequegnat Moncton

It is quite possible that this clock was located in a train station or some other commercial setting, given its robust construction and durability designed to withstand potential mistreatment. Additionally, its timeless design features are reminiscent of the classic lines commonly associated with the 1920s era. The clock’s sturdy build and elegant aesthetics perfectly capture the spirit of that period, adding to its overall charm and appeal.

E. Ingraham Huron

Rare Ingraham Huron found on a local online for-sale site
E Ingraham Huron

This clock resided in the charming vicinity of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. It came into our possession during a challenging period for a couple undergoing a difficult separation, as sentimental items often find their way to new homes in such circumstances. Among the clocks in my collection, this one stands out as one of the few that underwent professional servicing, ensuring its optimal functionality. Notably, this clock holds a relatively rare status, being produced by the E. Ingraham Clock Co. during the brief span of two years, between 1878 and 1880.

And now it boils down to the one to choose?

Although I hold great admiration for all of these clocks, if I were constrained by space and could only choose a single one to take with me, it would have to be the Junghans Crispi. As mentioned earlier, this clock embodies the qualities that I value, such as its exceptional craftsmanship and timeless appeal. Its unique design, combined with the renowned Junghans brand, makes it a standout choice in the collection. Given the limited space, the Junghans Crispi would be the clock I couldn’t bear to leave behind, as it represents the epitome of my preferences and holds a special place in my heart.

An unusual issue with a Vienna Regulator time-only clock

In this post, I describe an unusual issue when relocating my mini Vienna Regulator clock. But first some background information on Vienna Regulators.

The Vienna Regulator clock, also known as the Vienna wall clock, is a type of precision pendulum clock that originated in Vienna, Austria, in the late 18th century.

One-weight Vienna Regulator, unknown maker, C.1875

The development of the Vienna Regulator clock was influenced by several factors. One of the key factors was the rising demand for accurate timekeeping during the Industrial Revolution. Vienna, as a center of craftsmanship and technological innovation, played a vital role in meeting this demand.

They typically had a slender wooden case, which housed the pendulum and the clock mechanism. This design allowed for a longer pendulum, resulting in greater accuracy. The pendulum was often enclosed in a glass door or window, allowing the movement to be admired from the side panels while protecting it from dust.

The cases, made of various types of wood such as walnut, oak, or mahogany, were often finely crafted with decorative inlays, carvings, or veneers. The clocks featured a white enamel or porcelain dial, usually adorned with Roman numerals and ornate hands.

Vienna regulator movement
Vienna regulator movement

The movement of the Vienna Regulator clock was powered by weights suspended on cables or cords. The weights (up to three) were typically wound up once a week, providing the necessary power for the clock to run accurately.

During the 19th century, the Vienna Regulator clock underwent several design changes. The earlier models, known as “Vienna Regulators of the Biedermeier period,” were characterized by a simpler and more classical style. Later models, influenced by the emerging Victorian and Rococo revival styles, featured more elaborate ornamentation and decorative elements.

Vienna Regulator dial
A well-preserved Vienna Regulator dial

The style and craftsmanship of Vienna Regulator clocks are often associated with exceptional quality and precision.

While the popularity of the Vienna Regulator clock declined in the early 20th century with the advent of more modern timekeeping devices, it remains highly valued by collectors and enthusiasts today.

The issue

During an unseasonably warm winter, we unexpectedly experienced a sudden drop in temperature, causing a significant plumbing issue that led to a major leak of the pipes in the ceiling of our family room on the first floor of our two-story home. The extent of the damage necessitated replacing the pipes and removing and replacing the gyprock ceiling. While the repairs were underway, we took the opportunity to revamp the room’s decor and make a few changes, including relocating some clocks to that area.

Some clocks can be temperamental and a clock that works fine in one location may not work at all in another. Such was the case of a miniature Vienna Regulator that once moved from an upstairs bedroom refused to run in the family room.

Suspecting a tangled cable issue the result of which would rob power to the movement, I took the movement out of its case and carefully rewound the cable onto its take-up reel. No change.

Could it be a wear issue? I proceeded to carefully remove the movement from its case and meticulously disassembled it, thoroughly inspecting for any signs of bent arbors, or damaged or worn teeth. However, to my surprise, I found no such issues. In fact, the movement was remarkably well-preserved, and the oil in the pivots appeared to be in excellent condition.

After carefully reinstalling the movement into its case and reattaching the weight and pendulum, I observed an interesting issue. I noticed that the bottom of the case protruded farther out than the top, indicating that the wall was not perfectly vertical. Suspecting a connection between this misalignment and the movement’s inability to run, I decided to investigate further.

Left Stabilizer

I adjusted the stabilizers, one on each side, stepping them back slightly, and to my surprise, I discovered the root cause. The escapement pallets, responsible for regulating the movement, were not engaging with the escape wheel correctly. This misalignment was likely the reason for the movement’s previous failure to function properly. It also made me realize that the wall where the clock was previously located was not vertically level.

While achieving horizontal leveling is undoubtedly crucial, it is important that vertical leveling can make a significant difference when it comes to the functionality of a clock. In fact, proper vertical alignment can be the determining factor between a clock that runs smoothly and one that fails to operate at all.

At the end of the day the exercise was worthwhile as it allowed me the clean the movement, reoil the pivots, and polish the brass pendulum and weight.

The State of the Antique and Vintage Clock Market: Buy or Sell in 2023?

will antique and vintage clock prices go up or down in 2023? Is this the time to buy or sell? Allow me to share my insights and observations.

According to the United States Government, the term “antique” is reserved for items that are over a century old. Webster’s dictionary defines an antique as a work of art, piece of furniture, or decorative object made at an earlier period and according to various customs laws at least 100 years ago. Wikipedia defines antiques as applying to objects at least 100 years old.

Vienna Regulator C. 1870

On the other hand “vintage”, according to most sources, is a period that is less than 100 years but more than 30 years. Definitions of vintage may vary. In the jewelry business, for instance, vintage may be considered as anything 10 to 20 or more years.

There is no true “standard” pricing for any vintage or antique clock. As with most objects, there is a price range that most would consider reasonable. Similar to many other items, vintage or antique clocks do not have a set standard price. Instead, there exists a range of prices that most people would view as reasonable. Having said that, prices for common antique clocks have largely stagnated over the past several years while rare and highly prized clocks appear to have retained their value.

People who frequently purchase antique or vintage clocks are likely aware that the clock market has been experiencing a decline in prices for some time. Is 2023 a good time to sell or buy? Of course!

McLauchlin tall case clock, Scotland, C. 1848

How are clock prices set?

Setting the price for an antique or vintage clock is not a straightforward process. It involves various factors, such as the condition of the clock, its history, and the seller’s personal experience in the market.

Some sellers may price their clocks higher than their actual value to leave room for negotiation, while others may count on buyers’ lack of knowledge about the true value of the clock. However, a well-informed buyer can use their knowledge to find a great deal, by looking for prices consistent with reputable auction houses and online marketplaces.

Junghans Corner feet finished
Junghans Sydney C. 1913

Factors affecting the sale of clocks

As said, high-end and truly rare clocks, such as those with historical significance or exceptional craftsmanship, have managed to retain their value in the market. However, even for these clocks, sales are still largely based on market conditions and demand. For example, if there is a sudden influx of similar clocks on the market, it could drive down the demand and price for those clocks. Therefore, while rare clocks may be more likely to hold their value, they are not completely immune to market fluctuations.

But what conditions influence the sale of run-of-the-mill antique and vintage mechanical clocks and those of slightly better quality?

Two factors have influenced the decline in prices. Common antique and vintage clocks have flooded the market in the past several years driving prices steadily downwards. Secondly, the new generation of millennials has little interest in antiques and finds it pointless to collect antique and vintage clocks. Sentimental reasons aside, the cost of servicing an antique or vintage clock far exceeds its value.

U M Muller box clock C. 1930

Moreover, modern homes do not have room for clocks as floor and wall space is limited. In an age when families are living in 800-square-foot apartments space is at a premium. That could change as people migrate from dense cities to smaller communities.

And when space is at a premium grandfather clocks and jeweler’s regulator clocks though finely crafted and cost thousands when new are not items many would consider appropriate for the modern family home.

While I cannot predict the future with certainty, based on the prices observed over the past few years, I anticipate that the antique clock market will remain largely unchanged in 2023 and beyond. Currently, it appears to be a buyer’s market, and there may be excellent deals available for those who are knowledgeable and take the time to shop carefully and do their research.

It’s important to remember that knowledge is power when it comes to purchasing antique clocks. Doing your homework can help you identify the most valuable and unique pieces, and can also help you avoid overpaying for items that may not hold as much value. While there may be some great clocks out there, it’s crucial to approach the market with a discerning eye to ensure that you get the most value for your money.

My most recent Hunsruck Clock evokes memories of my first Junghans clock

While working on one of my latest acquisitions, a Junghans Hunsruck mantel clock, memories flooded back to the first Junghans clock I ever owned, a Junghans Crispi wall clock, that I still have to this day.

Junghans Hunsruck C. 1913

It was a humble box of parts when it first came to me, but I was determined to bring it back to life.

Junghans clock in pieces
Junghans clock in pieces, not unlike a jigsaw puzzle

The restoration process was a hands-on experience where I had to fashion new parts, source missing pieces, and master the art of staining and gluing. Through this ground-up restoration process, I developed a deeper understanding of the craftsmanship and artistry that went into creating these old clocks.

Piece by piece, I painstakingly assembled the clock, learning about the inner workings and mechanics along the way. It required both patience and dedication, but in the end, it was worth it. The clock not only became a functional piece, but a treasured symbol of my passion for antique wall clocks.

A first examination of the movement

As I worked on my latest Junghans mantel clock refreshing the case and servicing the movement, I couldn’t help but reflect on the journey that led me to this point. Each clock I restore holds a special place in my heart, but that first Junghans clock will always hold a particularly special place. It was an affirmation of a lifelong passion for the timeless elegance of antique clocks.

The fascinating story behind the Crispi wall clock

The story behind the Junghans Crispi clock is the enduring power of objects that connect us to the past.

Junghans Crispi time and strike wall clock
Junghans Crispi time and strike wall clock

In the midst of tragedy, there can be glimmers of hope and resilience. Such was the case with a Junghans Crispi wall clock that fell off a wall on Princess Court in North End Halifax on the fateful day of December 6, 1917. Despite the chaos and destruction caused by the Halifax Explosion, this clock managed to survive, albeit in a state of disrepair.

Following its century-long journey, the clock that had been treasured by the Halifax family for generations finally found its way into the hands of an avid antique clock collector.

Over the course of two months, I worked tirelessly to piece together the various components and restore the clock to working condition. It was no easy feat, but the end result was a stunning tribute to both the clock’s history and the resilience of the people of Halifax.

Junghans Crispi wall clock – from a clock-in-a-box to a clock that rocks!

In a series of articles documenting the restoration process, I shared not only the technical details of the restoration but also the personal connection to this piece of history.

The Future of Antique Clocks and Relevance in a Digital Age?

Antique clocks have been an integral part of human history, and they continue to be cherished by collectors and enthusiasts alike. However, in a world where digital timekeeping is more prevalent, what does the future hold for antique clocks?

Sawin banjo clock C. 1840

While it’s true that the digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we keep time, it’s important to note that antique clocks still hold a unique place in our culture. These clocks not only tell time but also serve as pieces of art, heirlooms, and historical artifacts. They offer us a glimpse into the past and provide a tangible connection to our ancestors.

Despite the rise of digital timekeeping, antique clocks are still with us, and their popularity continues to grow. The beauty and craftsmanship of these clocks are unmatched, and many people appreciate the time and effort that went into creating them. While there is a growing market for antique clocks, and collectors are willing to pay top dollar for the most unique pieces, prices for common antique clocks have stagnated over the past several years as many clocks have flooded the market.

Fusee gallery clock

However, a factor contributing to the future of antique clocks is the growing interest in vintage and retro styles. More and more people are seeking vintage and antique items to decorate their homes, and antique clocks fit perfectly into this trend. Antique clocks are not only functional but also add a touch of class and sophistication to any room.

In addition to their aesthetic appeal, antique clocks also offer a sense of nostalgia and tradition. They remind us of a time when life moved at a slower pace and things were simpler. For many people, owning an antique clock is a way to connect with the past and honour their family’s heritage.

Hamburg American Clock Co. C. 1910

So, what does the future hold for antique clocks? While it’s true that digital timekeeping will continue to be the norm, there will always be a place for antique clocks in our culture. These clocks offer something that digital clocks can’t: a physical connection to the past and they serve as a reminder of the rich history and traditions that have shaped our world.

With the constant advancement of technology, it is very likely that antique clocks will progressively increase in value and become even more highly desired by collectors and enthusiasts alike. As people feel more disconnected from the physical world, the value of tangible objects like antique clocks will only increase.

Photo by Isabella Ibraim on Pexels.com

I believe the future of antique clocks is bright. Antique clocks offer us a tangible connection to the past and provide a way to honour our heritage. They are not just the marriage of brass and wood but also works of art, heirlooms, and historical artifacts. As long as people continue to appreciate the beauty and craftsmanship of antique clocks, their future is secure.

The Value of Saving Old Clock Parts: You never know when you may need that difficult to source part

Repurposing old antique clock parts can offer numerous benefits. For clock repair persons, these parts can serve as a convenient source for replacement components.

All clock repair persons consider this to be a best practice because it is sustainable, reduces waste, and conserves valuable resources.

Repurposing also provides an affordable means of obtaining rare and elusive parts for clock repair or restoration projects.

A case in point

Some years ago, I stumbled upon a seller who had four clocks for sale for just $20. It was a barn find in the true sense of the word.

I talked to the seller by phone and purchased them without knowing their condition. Upon inspection, I found that three of them had cases in poor condition but intact mechanical movements, making them well worth the purchase alone.

Although none of the clocks were particularly valuable, they were found in the same barn, all dusty and rusty, cast aside many years ago. In the eyes of the seller, the clocks were one step closer to the trash bin.

I considered resurrecting an Ansonia wall clock, which would have been a project for another day but there was a spring-driven time and strike steeple clock that was essentially intact so I decided to service it instead. The steeple clock movement was serviced and the case was refreshed. The results were quite satisfying.

It was a lucky find because the two mainsprings happened to be crafted from brass, which was utilized as a power source for clocks from roughly 1836 to 1840. Though rare the clock is not particularly valuable.

Elisha Manross steeple clock

While the Waterbury mantel clock was beyond repair and had to be discarded, there were still many parts from the Welch ogee clock that had the potential for future use. I removed the movement, pulleys, glass, hinges, iron nails, and door catch. The rosewood veneer was stripped from the case and set aside for a future project.

$20 for what some would consider trash

The salvaged veneer was used to create a new finial base for the Elisha Manross steeple clock pictured above and to cover the finial bases on the top crown of an 1850s Scottish tall case clock. In time the salvaged veneer was used for a number of other projects.

Scottish tall case clock
Scottish tall-case clock

Some clock parts are not difficult to source

There is actually a considerable assortment of new components available for antique and vintage clocks, which can be procured through numerous suppliers.

Examples are clock hands, pendulum bobs and leaders, feet, hinges, finials, bezels, hand nuts, case parts, and so on but by keeping old clock parts, clockmakers have access to replacement components that are no longer produced or readily available.

Ansonia Extra short drop wall clock
Trash or treasure?

As time passed, I revisited the Ansonia wall clock. The Ansonia Drop Extra wall clock shown above was in a disassembled state and the heavily corroded movement might have been deemed irreparable by some.

Ansonia time-only movement as found

I could have salvaged the veneer and wooden components and saved the movement for potential future use, but I chose to rise to the challenge and reassemble the clock instead.

The crucial brass dial bezel was absent from the clock, and while I initially believed I could find a replacement at a later time (I never could), I opted to reinsert the movement into the refurbished case.

Though clearly missing a few cosmetic parts the clock has proven to be a reliable runner to this day.

Ansonia Drop Extra wall clock
Ansonia Drop Extra wall clock

There is value in saving old parts

Retaining old clocks for spare parts not only helps to maintain the legacy of clockmaking but also serves as a dependable resource for those elusive components that can be challenging to come by.

Beyond everything else, the parts tell a story about the manufacturing process, the materials used, and the craftsmanship involved in creating a clock. By saving and reusing these parts, clockmakers help to ensure that the knowledge and skills of traditional clockmaking are not lost.

Saving old clock parts is not only practical but also beneficial for preserving history, maintaining authenticity, and ensuring the longevity of antique timepieces.

Unboxing the Junghans Mantel Clock: An anticipated Arrival

Junghans, a name that is well-known to clock collectors and repairers, is not the company it once was. In recent years, the company has established itself as a prominent manufacturer of high-quality wristwatches.

However, During the early to mid-20th century the German company had established itself as a prolific producer of wall, mantel, and tall case clocks. Collectors and enthusiasts highly value the company’s clocks for their superior quality, solid construction, and classic designs that have withstood the test of time.

Although I wasn’t actively seeking out a new Junghans clock to add to my collection, I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to acquire this one at an attractive price. It now joins my collection of clocks, which includes two other Junghans clocks.

Junghans Corner feet finished
Junghans Sydney time and strike bracket clock C. 1911

One is a bracket clock from 1911 (code stamped B11), and the other is an older wall clock from the turn of the 20th century. Both of these clocks are among the 21 clocks in my home that are run and maintained on a daily basis.

Junghans Crispi time and strike wall clock C. 1899

As expected, the clock arrived safely after I chose to have it shipped to me instead of personally picking it up from the auction house, which is located two hours away from my home. I had confidence in the auction house’s ability to package the clock securely for safe shipping, as I have dealt with them in the past and they have always been careful with packaging.

Auction house photo

Having received the clock, I can confirm that it is exactly what I expected it to be, with no surprises or unexpected issues. Checking its functionality, I wound both sides and it runs and strikes as it should.

Backplate and coil gong

A similar movement in my Sydney bracket clock is stamped with a code (B11) indicating its production year, which is two years before this one. The gong block in both clocks is also identical in appearance.

However, I will only be able to confirm if there are any other internal differences between the two clocks when I dismantle the movement for cleaning.

Dial

Is the blemish just above the number five a scuff mark or a permanent abrasion, or is it merely a buildup of dirt that can be cleaned off?

Crackling or alligoration of the finish

The case of the clock appears dull and neglected, and I am uncertain as to the appropriate method for refinishing at this point, nevertheless, it is evident that the case’s appearance would be significantly improved with some care and attention.

Pendulum bob and key

A correction from a previous article

After believing that the pendulum attached to the clock was not appropriate for the movement, I replaced it with what I believed was the correct one. However, I discovered that the replacement pendulum did not reach down to the beveled glass port and the rod hook was opposite in orientation to the one that came with the clock.

Despite functioning well and keeping accurate time, it did not look suitable. After I posted an article on first impressions, sight unseen, A reader pointed out that they have the exact pendulum bob for their Junghans roundtop clock, which has now led me to reconsider my previous assumption that the original pendulum was not the correct one. Thank you, dear reader!

Now that I have confirmed that the clock is functioning correctly, it is time to proceed with the disassembly and cleaning process, which is evidently long overdue.

Understanding the Function and Importance of Beat Scales in Clocks

If you’ve ever examined a pendulum-driven wall clock, you might have noticed a small plaque affixed to the back panel just below the pendulum. This plaque is commonly known as a beat plaque or beat scale indicator. Although the presence of a beat scale on a clock does not always indicate its value, it does perform a significant role.

Seth Thomas #2
Seth Thomas #2 beat scale below pendulum bob

Most beat scales have I and II markers on either side and when the pendulum swings, it should swing beyond the indicator I marker and close to the II.

The amplitude of the pendulum swing can reveal the health of the clock’s movement.

If there is very little amplitude in the pendulum’s swing, it could indicate wear or issues with the movement. In such cases, it may be necessary to investigate the movement, make pallet adjustments, or mitigate any wear issues.

Mauthe wall clock

When the pendulum swing is too large or excessive, it may indicate an issue with the clock’s movement. Swinging too far beyond the II marker on the beat scale could suggest that the clock’s mechanism has a problem, which could include a loose pallet or an escapement that has worn out. In this case, it may be necessary to make adjustments or repairs to the clock’s mechanism to address this issue.

Mauthe wall clock circa 1895

Ideally, the pendulum of the clock should align with the center of the beat scale when the pendulum is stopped. It may not align correctly because of several reasons, such as wear and tear in the clock’s movement, changes in the environment that affect the clock’s components, improper installation, or adjustments made to the clock’s pendulum or beat scale.

If the beat scale appears off-center when the clock is stopped, it may also indicate that the clock is not squared correctly on the wall.

Arthur Pequegnat Moncton 15 day wall clock

The presence of a beat scale does not necessarily imply that a clock is of high quality. Certain high-quality clocks were produced without a beat scale, while others were designed with a beat scale as a guide or an ornamental feature. In some cases, beat scales may have been added to clocks after their manufacture for decorative purposes.

If a clock has a beat scale, it assumes several conditions.

These include;

  • the assumption that the beat scale is original to the clock and was applied dead center,
  • that the scale has never been removed,
  • that the clock’s case has not undergone any environmental changes such as warping or high humidity,
  • that the pendulum rod and bob have not experienced similar environmental changes.
  • and that the clock’s movement, pendulum, and bob have not required any repairs or maintenance that could adversely affect the dead center between the beat scale and the pendulum.
Vienna regulator beat scale

The beat scale was originally designed and manufactured as a high-tech object and while they do serve a practical purpose in some clocks in many cases beat scales are purely decorative.

However, as noted above, the presence of a beat scale alone is not necessarily indicative of a clock’s value or quality.

Timeless Treasure: My First Arthur Pequegnat Clock Discovery

Clock face Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time clock

During my article review this week, I stumbled upon my first-ever blog post from 2015 about my fortunate discovery of an Arthur Pequegnat clock in a nearby antique shop. It was an exciting experience for me, and I was thrilled to share it with my readers.

Arthur Pequegant Brandon II
Arthur Pequegant Brandon II

This was my first Arthur Pequegnat clock whihc was the second edtiiion of the Brandon model. The second edition was made from 1917 to 1941. The first edition of the clock, which was produced until 1916, had similar dimensions but a more ornate frame around the dial bezel.

The Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company’s Brandon II model is a simple clock and was one of their most sought-after designs. It was primarily used in Canadian schoolrooms and office settings during the 1930s and 1940s.

The clock’s octagonal shape and short drop make it a recognizable design, and it is often referred to as a schoolhouse clock. Schoolhouse clocks were a popular type of clock used in schools during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by their simple yet sturdy design and often featuring a visible pendulum.

Schoolhouse clocks were usually time-only, as there would be other methods such as bells or alarms to mark key points in a typical school day. If placed in an office environment, a strike train would be too distracting for employees. Brandon models also came with calendars, a useful feature for both school or office.

Time-only Brandon with Calendar and “Regulator” decal

Both the case, made of quarter-sawn oak, and the brass movement were produced by the Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company in their small Kitchener factory until 1941. The company stopped production abruptly due to brass shortages during the Second World War.

The time-only movement is relatively simple with few gears and little that can go wrong. It was designed to be reliable, dependable, and able to withstand the abuse of a school or office environment.

Arthur Pequegnat Brandon time-only movement

I purchased this clock from an antique collector who had owned it for a number of years. He decided to sell it in his antique shop in Great Village, Nova Scotia, and I found the price to be reasonable. The case, face, and bezel are all in excellent condition. However, the clock had an annoying squeak that suggested something was wrong. After investigating, I discovered that the first wheel had considerable pivot hole wear.

Regrettably, due to my lack of expertise and tools at the time, I couldn’t repair the clock on my own. I had to take it to a horologist in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who performed the required repairs. The clock needed five bushings, a thorough cleaning of the mainspring, and oiling of the movement. Following the necessary repairs, the clock has been consistently dependable and has required only an inspection and re-oiling two years ago.

Since then, I have acquired eight more Arthur Pequegnat clocks and have since gained the skills to service each of them myself.

The Pequegnat story & the Maple Leaf series of kitchen clocks

Arthur Pequegnat Simcoe mantel clock

The Pequegnat name may not be familiar to international readers but it was a significant Canadian clock company that manufactured both movements and cases beginning in the early 20th century.

The Pequegnat Clock Company was a Canadian clock manufacturer that operated from 1904 to 1941. The company was founded by Arthur Pequegnat a Canadian immigrant who brought his family from Switzerland to begin a new life in Canada.

Pequegnat was a skilled clockmaker and entrepreneur, and he saw an opportunity to start his own clock company in Kitchener (then Berlin), Ontario. But the story actually begins prior to 1904.

In 1897 Arthur expanded his Berlin Jewelry shop to include the manufacture of bicycles. However, by 1904, with the decrease in the demand for bicycles, Arthur began to re-focus on the clock industry by manufacturing his own clock movements at his Berlin Bicycle Manufacturing plant and the motto, “Buy Canadian – Pequegnat clocks are better than foreign-made ones”” struck a chord with Canadian buyers.

At first, the wooden clock cases were made by local furniture makers, however, in time, he manufactured his own clock cases.

Pequegnat Clock Company produced high-quality clocks, and its products quickly gained a reputation for their accuracy and reliability. The company produced a wide variety of clocks, including wall clocks, mantle clocks, and grandfather clocks.

Clock face Arthur Pequegnat Canadian Time clock
Clock face with maker’s name

During the early years, the company faced a lot of competition from American clock companies, but Pequegnat was able to differentiate his products by designing and manufacturing unique clock cases that appealed to Canadian tastes.

The company continued to grow, and by the 1920s, it had become one of the largest clock manufacturers in Canada.

The Great Depression hit the Pequegnat Clock Company hard, and the company struggled to stay afloat during the 1930s. In 1941, with brass in short supply as a result of the war effort the company was forced to close due to financial difficulties, and its assets were liquidated.

Despite its relatively short lifespan, the Pequegnat Clock Company played an important role in the history of Canadian clock manufacturing. The company’s clocks are still highly sought after by collectors, and its products are considered some of the finest examples of Canadian clockmaking.

The Maple Leaf – a symbol of pride

The maple leaf slowly caught on as a national symbol in 1868 (the year after Canada’s Confederation) as it was included in the coat of arms of Ontario and the coat of arms of Quebec and added to the Canadian coat of arms in 1921. The maple leaf is a symbol of our national identity.

Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “fan top”

Canadian readers and perhaps those abroad with a connection to Canada would instantly recognize the maple leaf as distinctly Canadian.

Cashing in on Canada’s identity as a nation, Pequegnat saw the value in naming clocks after Canadian cities, cities such as Stratford, London, Toronto, Moncton, Montreal, and so on. Indeed, most homes and businesses in Canada had a Pequegnat clock.

Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “round top”

Berlin, Ontario was re-named Kitchener Ontario in 1916, due to anti-German backlash during WW I. This becomes a useful tool when dating Pequegnat clocks as labels, movements, or dials marked “Berlin” date the clock to 1916 or earlier, and those marked “Kitchener” are 1916 or later. However, many clocks had a long production life and it is difficult to date any Arthur Pequegnat clock precisely as there were no production numbers on the movements.

Pequegnat’s interpretation of the kitchen clock

The Maple Leaf series was Pequegnat’s interpretation of the popular American kitchen clock.

Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “curly top”

The Maple Leaf Series was a line of clocks produced by the Pequegnat Clock Company of Canada in the early 20th century. The series was named after the maple leaf, a powerful symbol of Canada.

The Maple Leaf Series was first introduced in 1911, and it quickly became one of the company’s most popular product lines. The series included several different models. The clocks were made with high-quality materials and brass movements.

The door of a Maple Leaf clock

There are 2 notable features of the Maple Leaf Series. One was the clock tablet, which featured a stylized array of 36 maple leaves framed by half moons and with an opening to display the pendulum bob. Why the number 36? In some cultures, it is considered a lucky number.

The second feature was a brass maple leaf pendulum bob.

The clocks in the Maple Leaf series did not have specific names and are referred to by collectors as the pointed top, the round top, the fan top, the curly top, and so on.

The Maple Leaf series of Pequegnat kitchen clocks (photo courtesy of The Canadian Clock Museum)

The clock depicted above may or may not belong to the Maple Leaf series but the maple leaves within the tablet design are considerably more stylized, and the edging is understated. Like the Canuck pictured below, this design could be a variant.

Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf Pointed Top
Arthur Pequegnat Maple Leaf kitchen clock; the “pointed top”

The dials were typically paper on tin and some had a gold center accent.

Many would not consider the Canuck to be a “Maple Leaf” kitchen clock though some variants had a maple leaf tablet. The Canuck also stood out from other kitchen clocks due to its use of steamed pressed oak in its construction.

The Canuck kitchen clock

The Maple Leaf Series was a significant part of the Pequegnat Clock Company’s success, and the clocks from this series are still highly prized by collectors today.

Overall, the Maple Leaf Series represented a major contribution to the Pequegnat Clock Company’s prosperity, and its models remain a sought-after collectible for clock enthusiasts.

Restoring an Antique Sessions Schoolhouse Clock: Repairing Bushing Wear and Overcoming Common Issues

Bushing wear is a common issue that can occur on antique brass clock movements. A bushing is a small hole drilled into the plate that is used to support the pivots and reduce friction between the pivots and the clock’s plates. Over time, the bushings can become worn down or damaged due to friction, which can cause a clock to malfunction or stop. Other factors such as the environment the clock is in, the lack of periodic lubrication, and the build-up of dirt and grime combine to exacerbate wear over the years.

When bushing wear occurs, the clock’s pivots may become loose or wobbly, which can lead to the gears not meshing properly or becoming stuck. This can result in the clock losing accuracy or stopping altogether.

To repair bushing wear on an antique brass clock movement, the bushings or the holes must be drilled out and a new bushing inserted in its place. The new bushings must be precisely fitted to ensure that the clock’s pivots are properly supported and that the clock runs smoothly.

On my bench is a Sessions time-only schoolhouse clock made in the early 1920s. According to the label on the back, it is called the Office.

At only 21 inches high it is diminutive in size, unfortunately, the hands are incorrect

Factors at play when a clock stops

The clock stops when fully wound. There are essentially two factors at play when a clock stops. When the mainspring is fully compressed dirt and grime act like sandpaper and prevent the power of the mainspring from releasing. Some erroneously call this “overwinding” a term that has stubbornly persisted over the years. Worn bushing holes add to the problem when the holes are so worn the gears do not mesh correctly.

Curious, why is the trademark stamped on the INSIDE of the back plate?

Sessions movements are not new to me and I have worked on identical movements in the past. Compared to the others I have worked on, this one has minimal wear with one peculiarity detailed below.

Even before servicing, it looks clean

There is no doubt this movement has been worked on previously judging from pivot scratch marks around the bushing holes and a replacement click spring. The leader and suspension spring have also been replaced at some point in the clock’s life and judging from the condition of the suspension spring, it may need to be replaced in this servicing.

While there is some movement in all the bushing holes the worst is the 3rd wheel rear plate and the escape wheel front and rear plate. The holes in those three locations were drilled out and new bushings were installed in their place.

Despite slight wear on all other bushing holes, there is not enough to warrant new bushings at this time. Naturally, if I were in the clock repair business I would consider bushing the entire movement.

Using support to steady the escape wheel bridge

In this case, replacing bushings in the entire movement is not necessary as the clock will remain in my collection and as such will be inspected every 2-3 years for wear.

One of the unique features of clocks such as this is their ability to be hung and forgotten and continue to run quite well while very worn, a testament to their rugged design.

Plates on the left and gears on the right, a pretty simple movement

And now the eccentric repair. The click spring retaining tab/hook was snapped off for whatever reason. As a result, the replacement click spring winds its way through to the outside of the wheel by hooking into a hole drilled in the spoke. It is a little odd but as it works well there is no requirement for remediation. Aesthetics aside, some repairs do not need to be reversed if the part functions well.

Odd but it works

The mainspring has plenty of “spring” left in it which makes me wonder if it is a replacement.

On the test stand

During servicing the mainspring was unhooked from the main wheel arbour and using my Olie Baker spring winder, it was extended and thoroughly scrubbed with a Scotch-Brite heavy-duty scouring pad, and lubricated with Keystone clock spring oil. There was certainly enough dirt and grime to stop the clock in the spring’s fully wound position and a good cleaning solved the problem.

After a brief testing period, the movement was remounted and it is now on display on my kitchen wall where it rejoins its cousins.

As the tiny hands look rather silly, the correct clock hands will be added to my next clock supply order.

A diminutive schoolhouse clock by Sessions

Time only movement for a wall clock

The Sessions Clock Company of America was one of the leading clock manufacturers in the United States in the early 20th century. Founded in 1903 by William E. Sessions and Aaron Lufkin Dennison in Forestville, Connecticut, the company quickly gained a reputation for producing clocks that were both reliable and affordable.

Over the years, the Sessions Clock Company produced a wide range of clocks, including mantle clocks, and wall clocks, and became known for their innovative designs.

A very popular model was the schoolhouse clock. Schoolhouse wall clocks have a rich history dating back to the late 19th century. Originally used in schools, and other public places, these clocks were designed to be reasonably accurate and reliable timekeepers, with large, easy-to-read dials and distinctive wooden cases with glass-paneled lower access doors showing a moving pendulum.

A comparatively small schoolhouse showing incorrect hands

Over time, schoolhouse clocks became popular in homes and offices, with various manufacturers producing their own versions of the classic design. Today, schoolhouse wall clocks remain a popular choice for those seeking a traditional timepiece and are often seen as a symbol of American craftsmanship and design.

Diminutive clocks were popular in their day because of the lower cost compared to a larger wall clock. This clock is 21 inches high by 13 1/2 inches wide with a 7-inch dial and it is difficult to envision how it could be seen clearly in a large classroom setting but for some school regions, the cost was an important factor. Standard schoolhouse clocks are typically seven to eight inches longer and have 12-inch dials.

Most schoolhouse clocks were designed to display only the time, with no additional features such as a striking mechanism or date displays. This simplicity allowed for a greater focus on reliability, which was essential in public spaces such as schools where good timekeeping and long periods between servicing were crucial.

Shown in the middle with a Waterbury on the right and Sessions on the left, all are time-only clocks

I have had this particular Sessions clock for over a year and it stops from time to time. It likely requires a good cleaning and it is time to put it on the workbench. The case is in excellent condition and I see no need for intervention aside from cleaning with soap and water.

We’ll see what we shall find. I’ll report back in a week or two but this should be a standard servicing job and I am not expecting any surprises.

Vienna Regulator – the pinnacle of clock artistry

Between the plates Vienna Regulator

Vienna regulator weight-driven wall clocks are a type of mechanical clock that originated in Austria in the mid-19th century. These clocks are named after the city of Vienna, where they were first produced and gained popularity throughout Europe. They are known for their unique design, which features a long, slender case with a glass door that allows the pendulum and weights to be seen.

Miniature one-weight Vienna wall clock, circa 1880

Vienna regulators are often considered the pinnacle of European clockmaking artistry, and they continue to be cherished by collectors and clock enthusiasts around the world for their precision, elegance, and timeless beauty.

The Crown or topper

The simple lines of the Vienna Regulator are exemplified in this unmarked mini version found on a local online for-sale site some 5 years ago. Simplicity is exemplified in its job of performing one function – telling the time.

Weight-driven clocks with comparatively large pendulum bobs give a very visual display of the clock’s activity. In my view, it is the weight-driven ones that have greater appeal than spring-driven clocks.

Time only movement

Nothing has been done to the clock save disassembling and cleaning the movement and polishing the pendulum and brass-encased weight.

Another is a two-weight Vienna Regulator by Gustav Becker which required extensive repair and restoration.

Gustav Becker 2-weight Vienna Regulator

Vienna regulator weight-driven clocks are a testament to the precision and artistry of clock-making, showcasing the intricate mechanisms and stunning designs that make them highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.

What is truly fascinating is the accuracy of a clock that is almost 150 years old.

Best clock acquisition of 2022

Well, it’s that time of the year. What is my best clock acquisition of the past year? You can decide for yourself and leave a comment but I will reveal my favorite at the end of the post.

As a clock hobbyist, I have had little difficulty locating interesting clocks and every year I have managed to find a winner or two. 2022 was no exception.

In the early days of collecting, time and strike vintage mantel clocks were my principal focus with the goal of taking them apart and making them work, an important part of my learning. Many of those clocks have been either sold or gifted. I have shifted my focus toward collecting interesting clocks, rare clocks, clocks that have a special provenance, and growing my collection of Canadian-made clocks.

My wife is my best clock finder. Our discussions may go something like this; “did you see that wall clock on Facebook/xxx auction house?”. “Let me see. Yeah, it looks good, what do you think? Make an offer?” and off we go. Sometimes I will accept the offer from the seller without negotiating because it is a fair price but there are times when a little wheeling and dealing takes place prior to the sale.

In no particular order, here are my finds for 2022.

Fusee gallery clock

Gallery or dial clock, unknown maker

The clock is also called a dial clock in England which is where it was made. There are no markings anywhere on the clock save an obscure trademark that I have been unable to identify. It is a time-only fusee clock with a 12-inch dial, a very common size. It might have had a chain drive at the beginning of its life but it now has a cable. I have not serviced this clock because I don’t know enough about fusee movements, particularly the method of preloading the powerful mainspring.

E N Welch marine clock

Marine clock by E N Welch

This 30-hour spring wound clock with a hairspring lever escapement simply tells the time. It was made in the 1870s and perhaps earlier. It has been serviced, bushed, and cleaned, but my challenge at the moment is setting up the hairspping. It will work but not well.

Hamilton clock co ogee

Hamilton time and strike ogee clock, Canadian made

Acquired in the spring of 2022 this ogee clock was made in Hamilton, Ontario (Canada). The movement was serviced but the case challenged my veneering skills. It looks quite presentable now but was in poor condition when I bought it.

Jerome and Co. Rose Cottage clock

Rose Cottage clock by Jerome & Co.

Quite honestly I was going to throw the case out after having serviced the movement. It simply looks too far gone. However, I have accepted the challenge of bringing back this clock to its former glory. So far it is a work in progress.

Jauch calendar clock

Jauch 8-day calendar clock

From a distance, this clock looks good but a closer examination reveals a cheaply made time-only movement and an equally inexpensive pine case. It is clear that this German company was attempting to cash in on the antique American schoolhouse clock that was popular in the 1970s.

Wag on the wall

Wag on a wall

This has a well-made German movement, possibly by Mauthe or Hermle. It is a time-and-strike weight-driven clock and keeps very good time. Its only negative is that it has a cheap 1960s look about it but the only thing missing is a bottom middle finial.

Sessions Grand Assortment

Grand Assortment by Sessions

Perhaps the ugliest gingerbread clock ever made. The photo is the exact clock I worked on two years ago since the clock is apart at the moment and I have stripped down the case (a last resort).

Sessions Mission clock

Sessions Mission clock, 8-day time and strike

I like this clock not only because it is a 10$ thrift store find but it has very nicely styled mission clock and it works very well, keeping decent time for a spring-driven clock.

Empire gallery clock

English gallery clock with 10-inch dial

I was hoping this was a fusee clock when I bid on it on an online auction in the spring of 2022 but it is a spring-driven 8-day clock with a fairly robust movement that was intended for commercial use, a store, an office environment perhaps.

Daniel Pratt Jr woodworks clock

Daniel Pratt Jr woodworks clock

I have a couple of Danel Pratt woodworks clock. Unfortunately, this one is missing its topper. Servicing woodworks movements takes special care and attention and I may tackle this clock in the spring.

Ansonia 30-hour parlour clock

Ansonia 30-hour parlour clock

I seem to gravitate toward 30-hour clocks. This is a time-and-strike clock and is in decent condition requiring only a few touchups.

My favorite?

Well, it has to be the time-only fusee which is probably why I subconsciously placed it first on the list. It well built industrial-strength clock that was designed to last for years. It looks great on any wall, is very quiet, and quite accurate which is what fusee movements are known for.

Welch Marine clock – let’s call it a work in progress

Last week (January 20, 2023) I wrote about a wonderful little marine clock that I have just not had the time to service completely. A few weeks ago I cleaned the movement and polished the pivots and left it. All that was left was the bushing work. I spent a few hours on it today and it was worn as expected. Eight bushings for a time-only movement is a lot.

It is a 30-hour brass movement made by E.N. Welch in the 1860s. It has a balance wheel or hairspring lever escapement to use a more exact term. The movement is accessed by removing the dial and bezel (4 screws) and releasing 4 screws that hold the movement to the backboard.

Time only with balance wheel escapement, prior to cleaning

A balance wheel escapement should be no surprise to anyone who knows the purpose of this clock. It is a marine clock, designed to be used on ships and trains, not a ship’s bell or watchkeeper’s clock but a marine clock that simply tells the time.

I suspected part of the reason the clock was so slow was a combination of factors, a kink in the hairspring, the general wear of the movement plus all the dirt and grime that had accumulated over the years.

The arrow shows a little bit of kink after my best attempt to straighten it

I separated the plates to discover that the movement had been worked on previously. Sometimes the work is done well and other times questionable shortcuts are taken. In this case, a glued regulating cup screw and punch marks around some of the pivot holes. You play the cards you’re dealt.

A screw is glued, stripped no doubt

It is a pretty simple clock with not many parts.

The arbour with the lantern pinion in the middle is the “seconds” bit, before cleaning

As mentioned, the balance wheel adjustment cup screw in the rear is glued in place and there is only one reason for it, it is stripped. I am going to leave it as is as there remains a front adjustment screw on the front of the movement which also has the speed regulator wire.

Next, I am preparing for the first bushing by centering the bushing hole. You will notice that I am bushing from the outside of the place. The center wheel did no allow enough space to work from the inside of the plate.

Centering the hole on a Bergeon bushing machine

And on to the bushing work.

Using a reamer on a pivot hole

The only tricky bushing was the mainspring arbour which required a 5.5mm bushing, otherwise, the bushing work went smoothly

Mainspring and new arbour bushing

There was more bushing work than I realized. Yes, it was quite worn but I have seen worse.

Cleaned and in place, the lantern pinions and pivots were in excellent condition

The movement is a little tricky to put back together because of the small plates and how the wheels are close together but it went back together without much of a fuss.

Now for the fun part and that is remounting the balance wheel. I am not a fan of balance wheel escapements. If you have worked on old alarm clocks you know what I am talking about, getting the clock in beat. The problem I am having is lining up the impulse spring with the fork. Every time I try the spring is twisted.

Does the clock work? Yes but not well. It’s well out of beat and I suspect there is not enough impulse from the hairspring. This will take a little more time to figure out but I am not in the testing phase as yet.

Let’s call this a work in progress.

30-hour Welch Marine clock loses 10 minutes per hour

Ten minutes per hour! That is slow. American-made spring driven clocks are poor timekeepers and if yours loses or gains a minute or two a week that is just about the best you can expect.

After having worked on the case a few months ago it is past time to work on the movement.

The clock was in running condition when I acquired it though it did manage to run its rated 30-hour cycle.

Welch Marine clock 30-hour time-only wall clock

Something is definitely amiss. Wear, a good cleaning or something more serious. Read on and we’ll find out what is slowing this clock down.

A Ship’s Bell clock is a type of marine clock but in clock circles, there is a distinct difference between it and the clock you see here.

Marine clocks either tell the time or strike the hours like a normal domestic clock and because they have a balance wheel escapement they can be placed on a moving object such as a train or a boat whereas Ship’s Bell clocks originated in sailing ship days when the crew of a vessel was divided into Port and Starboard Watches, each on duty for four hours, then off for four hours.

An assortment of Marine and Ship’s Bell clocks at the National Association of Watch & Clock Collector museum in Columbia, Pennsylvania

One stroke of the ship’s bell indicates the first half hour of the watch. Then an additional bell is struck for each succeeding half hour for a total of 8 bells.

As seen when acquired

Based on a quick inspection I see nothing amiss other than a crimped hairspring on the balance escapement. I wonder if that might be the issue?

The movement is accessed by removing the hands and dial

Now, let’s take this apart and see what we have. Look for a future article as I detail the servicing of the movement.

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